3,060 research outputs found
Transport of Artificial Virus-like Nanocarriers (AVN) through intestinal monolayer via Microfold cells
Compared with subcutaneous or intramuscular routes for vaccination, vaccine delivery via gastrointestinal mucosa has tremendous potential as it is easy to administer and pain free. Robust immune responses can be triggered successfully once vaccine carried antigen reaches the mucosal associated lymphoid sites (e.g., Peyer’s patches). However, the absence of an efficient delivery method has always been an issue for successful oral vaccine development. In our study, inspired by mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) transport into gut mucosal lymphoid tissue via Microfold cells (M cells), artificial virus-like nanocarriers (AVN), consisting of gold nanocages functionalized with the 1 protein from mammalian reovirus (MRV), were tested as an effective oral vaccine delivery vehicle targeting M cells. AVN was shown to have a significantly higher transport compared to other experimental groups across mouse organoid monolayers containing M cells. These findings suggest that AVN has the potential to be an M cell-specific oral vaccine/drug delivery vehicle
ETCH: Efficient Channel Hopping for Communication Rendezvous in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks
In a dynamic spectrum access (DSA) network, communication rendezvous is the first step for two secondary users to be able to communicate with each other. In this step, the pair of secondary users meet on the same channel, over which they negotiate on the communication parameters, to establish the communication link. This paper presents ETCH, Efficient Channel Hopping based MAC-layer protocols for communication rendezvous in DSA networks. We propose two protocols, SYNC-ETCH and ASYNC-ETCH. Both protocols achieve better time-to-rendezvous and throughput compared to previous work
The entropy puzzle and the quark combination model
We use two available methods, the Duhem-Gibbs relation and the entropy
formula in terms of particle phase space distributions, to calculate the
entropy in a quark combination model. The entropy of the system extracted from
the Duhem-Gibbs relation is found to increase in hadronization if the average
temperature of the hadronic phase is lower than that of the quark phase. The
increase of the entropy can also be confirmed from the entropy formula if the
volume of the hadronic phase is larger than 2.5-3.0 times that of the quark
phase. So whether the entropy increases or decreases during combination depends
on the temperature before and after combination and on how much expansion the
system undergoes during combination. The current study provides an example to
shed light on the entropy issue in the quark combination model.Comment: RevTex 4, 4 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures, discussions and references
added, to appear in PR
Inhibition of hepatocelluar carcinoma MAT2A and MAT2beta gene expressions by single and dual small interfering RNA
RNA interference (RNAi) has been successfully applied in suppression of hepatic cancer genes. In hepatocelluar carcinoma cell, one methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) isozyme, MATII was found to have two catalytic subunits which were encoded by MAT2A and MAT2β respectively. During tumorigeness of hepatocelluar carcinoma, expressions of the two genes were discovered to be increased combining with a switch of MAT (form MATI to MATII), To figure out the role played by MATII in hepatic cancer, In this study, for the first time we established a dual small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression system, which could simultaneously express two different siRNA molecules specifically targeting two genes. To test the effectiveness of this system, we applied this approach to express simultaneously two different siRNA duplexes that specifically target MAT2A and MAT2β genes of hepatocelluar carcinoma respectively in HepG2 cell. Results indicated that dual siRNA could simultaneously inhibit the expression of MAT2A and MAT2β gene by 89.5% and 97.8% respectively, In addition, dual siRNA molecules were able to significantly suppress growth of hepatocelluar carcinoma cell in vitro as well as induce apoptosis which was involved in arrest cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint and the expressions of p21, p27 and Bax
Social trust and subjective well-being of first-generation college students in China: the multiple mediation effects of self-compassion and social empathy
Previous studies have found that subjective well-being is associated with social trust, self-compassion, and social empathy. Based on online fieldwork with 662 first-generation college students (54.7% male) in China, this study aimed to investigate the serial mediation effects of self-compassion and social empathy on the relationship between social trust and subjective well-being. The results showed that subjective well-being was significantly positively correlated with social trust, trust in people, self-compassion, and social empathy. Both self-compassion and social empathy partially mediated the relationship between social trust and subjective well-being, and fully mediated the association between trust in people and subjective well-being. We used a serial mediation model to estimate the effect of general social trust, including trust in people, on subjective well-being. The findings that self-compassion and social empathy mediated the relationship between trusting attitudes toward society, especially people, and subjective well-being expand the literature on social trust and the mechanism of social trust on subjective well-being. The results also highlight the significance of improving mental health education and intervention among first-generation college students in China
Lifshitz effects on holographic -wave superfluid
In the probe limit, we numerically build a holographic -wave superfluid
model in the four-dimensional Lifshitz black hole coupled to a Maxwell-complex
vector field. We observe the rich phase structure and find that the Lifshitz
dynamical exponent contributes evidently to the effective mass of the
matter field and dimension of the gravitational background. Concretely, we
obtain the Cave of Winds appeared only in the five-dimensional anti-de
Sitter~(AdS) spacetime, and the increasing hinders not only the condensate
but also the appearance of the first-order phase transition. Furthermore, our
results agree with the Ginzburg-Landau results near the critical temperature.
In addition, the previous AdS superfluid model is generalized to the Lifshitz
spacetime.Comment: 14 pages,5 figures, and 1 table, accepted by Phys. Lett.
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