Evolution of higly efficient t7 Rna polymerase for Mrna production using aptamer-based fluorescence-activated droplet sorting

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Molecular cloning of a novel GSK3/shaggy-like gene from Triticum monococcum L. and its expression in response to salt, drought and other abiotic stresses

The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/SHAGGY-like kinases are nonreceptor serine/threonine protein kinases that are involved in a variety of biological processes. Here, a novel GSK-3-like kinase encoding cDNA was isolated from Triticum monococcum L. seedlings by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis showed that the full length of cDNA consist of 1,543 bp with an open reading frame of 1,068 bp, which encodes 355 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high homology with shaggy-like kinases from Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Trifolium repens, Nicotine tabacum, Medicago sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana; therefore, the gene was named TmGSK1 (Triticum monococcum Glycogen Synthase Kinase 1,GenBank Accession No. DQ443471). Southern blot analysis indicated that there was only one copy of TmGSK1 in the einkorn wheat genome. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR studies showed that the expression of TmGSK1 in the einkorn wheat was induced by salt stress, mechanical wounding, ABA hormone, cold and drought. These results suggest that cells accumulate more TmGSK1 mRNA response to those abiotic stresses. TmGSK1 was shown to be a positive regulator commonly involved in the tolerance to salt, mechanical injury, ABA hormone, cold and drought in einkorn wheat.Key words: TmGSK1, abiotic stress, shaggy-like kinase, signal transduction, Triticum monococcum L

Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial of Clenbuterol in Denervated Muscle Atrophy

Objectives. β2-adrenergic agonists, such as clenbuterol, have been shown to promote the hypertrophy of healthy skeletal muscles and to ameliorate muscle wasting in a few pathological conditions in both animals and humans. We intended to investigate the clinical efficacy of clenbuterol on attenuating denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, and randomized trial was employed. 71 patients, suffering from brachial plexus injuries, were given either clenbuterol (60 μg, bid) or placebo for 3 months. Before and at the end of the study, patients were given physical examinations, biopsies of biceps brachii, electromyograms (EMGs), and other laboratory tests. Results. Compared with placebo treatment, clenbuterol significantly mitigated the decreases in cross-sectional areas of type I and II muscle fibers and alleviated the reduction in fibrillation potential amplitudes, without any adverse effects. Conclusions. Clenbuterol safely ameliorated denervated muscle atrophy in this cohort; thus larger clinical studies are encouraged for this or other β2 agonists on denervation-induced muscle atrophy

Chandrasekhar-Kendall-Woltjer-Taylor state in a resistive plasma

We give a criterion for the Chandrasekhar-Kendall-Woltjer-Taylor (CKWT) state in a resistive plasma. We find that the lowest momentum (longest wavelength) of the initial helicity amplitudes of magnetic fields are the key to the CKWT state which can be reached if one helicity is favored over the other. This indicates that the imbalance between two helicities at the lowest momentum or longest wavelength in the initial conditions is essential to the CKWT state. A few examples of initial conditions for helicity amplitudes are taken to support the above statement both analytically and numerically.Comment: RevTex 4.1, 19 pages, 3 figure

N-(2-Iodo­phen­yl)benzene­carbox­imid­amide

The title compound, C13H11IN2, crystallizes with two independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The two aromatic rings are inclined to one another by 73.3 (2)° in molecule A, and by 74.4 (1)° in molecule B. In molecule A, the iodophenyl and the phenyl rings are inlclined to the N=C—N plane by 88.0 (4) and 19.0 (4)°, respectively. In molecule B the corresponding angles are 85.0 (4) and 20.7 (4)°, respectively. In the crystal, the two molecules are not parallel but have a dihedral angle between the iodophenyl rings of 8.6 (1)°, and 44.5 (2)° between the phenyl rings. The A and B molecules are linked vvia N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to form –A–B–A–B– chains propagating along direction [100]

tert-Butyl 3-amino-2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5(4H)-carboxyl­ate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C12H20N4O2, the dihydro­piperidine ring assumes a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, cllassical N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N inter­molecular hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into double chains along the a axis