Towards Faithful Neural Table-to-Text Generation with Content-Matching Constraints

Text generation from a knowledge base aims to translate knowledge triples to natural language descriptions. Most existing methods ignore the faithfulness between a generated text description and the original table, leading to generated information that goes beyond the content of the table. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a novel Transformer-based generation framework to achieve the goal. The core techniques in our method to enforce faithfulness include a new table-text optimal-transport matching loss and a table-text embedding similarity loss based on the Transformer model. Furthermore, to evaluate faithfulness, we propose a new automatic metric specialized to the table-to-text generation problem. We also provide detailed analysis on each component of our model in our experiments. Automatic and human evaluations show that our framework can significantly outperform state-of-the-art by a large margin.Comment: Accepted at ACL202

Fast inversion, preconditioned quantum linear system solvers, and fast evaluation of matrix functions

Preconditioning is the most widely used and effective way for treating ill-conditioned linear systems in the context of classical iterative linear system solvers. We introduce a quantum primitive called fast inversion, which can be used as a preconditioner for solving quantum linear systems. The key idea of fast inversion is to directly block-encode a matrix inverse through a quantum circuit implementing the inversion of eigenvalues via classical arithmetics. We demonstrate the application of preconditioned linear system solvers for computing single-particle Green's functions of quantum many-body systems, which are widely used in quantum physics, chemistry, and materials science. We analyze the complexities in three scenarios: the Hubbard model, the quantum many-body Hamiltonian in the planewave-dual basis, and the Schwinger model. We also provide a method for performing Green's function calculation in second quantization within a fixed particle manifold and note that this approach may be valuable for simulation more broadly. Besides solving linear systems, fast inversion also allows us to develop fast algorithms for computing matrix functions, such as the efficient preparation of Gibbs states. We introduce two efficient approaches for such a task, based on the contour integral formulation and the inverse transform respectively

Statistical analysis of protein interaction network topology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, February 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-117).Complex networks arise in diverse areas of natural and social sciences and network topology is a key determinant of such systems. In this work we investigate the protein-protein interaction network of the KSHV herpesvirus, which is the first viral system available, and compare it to a prototypical cellular system. On the local level, we investigated the relationship between interaction and sequence evolution, functional class, phylogenetic class, and expression profiles. On the global level, we focused on large-scale properties like small-world, scale-free, and attack tolerance. Major differences were discovered between viral and cellular systems, and we were able to pinpoint directions for further investigation, both theoretically and experimentally. New approaches to discover functional associations through interaction patterns were also presented and validated. To put the KSHV network in the context of host interactions, we were able to predict interactions between KSHV and human proteins and use them to connect the KSHV and human PPI networks. Though simulations, we show that the combined viral-host network is distinct from and superior to equivalent randomly combined networks. Our combined network provides the first-draft of a viral-host system, which is crucial to understanding viral pathogenicity. In a separate chapter, the results of a project combining experiments and bioinformatics are also presented. We were able to report [approximately]30 new yeast protein-protein interactions and pinpoint the biological significance of some of those interactions. The methodology of yeast two-hybrid itself is also tested and assessed.by Yu-An Dong.Ph.D

Standard metabolic rate predicts growth trajectory of juvenile Chinese crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under changing food availability

Phenotypic traits vary greatly within populations and can have a significant influence on aspects of performance. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of individual variation in standard metabolic rate (SMR) on growth rate and tolerance to food-deprivation in juvenile crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under varying levels of food availability. To address this issue, 19 high and 16 low SMR (individuals were randomly assigned to a satiation diet for 3 weeks, whereas another 20 high and 16 low SMR individuals were assigned to a restricted diet (approximately 50% of satiation) for the same period. Then, all fish were completely food-deprived for another 3 weeks. High SMR individuals showed a higher growth rate when fed to satiation, but this advantage of SMR did not exist in food-restricted fish. This result was related to improved feeding efficiency with decreased food intake in low SMR individuals, due to their low food processing capacity and maintenance costs. High SMR individuals experienced more mass loss during food-deprivation as compared to low SMR individuals. Our results here illustrate context-dependent costs and benefits of intraspecific variation in SMR whereby high SMR individuals show increased growth performance under high food availability but had a cost under stressful environments (i.e., food shortage)

Adsorption tuning of polarity and magnetism in AgCr2S4 monolayer

As a recent successfully exfoliated non van der Waals layered material, AgCrS2 has received a lot of attentions. Motivated by its structure related magnetic and ferroelectric behavior, a theoretical study on its exfoliated monolayer AgCr2S4 has been carried out in the present work. Based on density functional theory, the ground state and magnetic order of monolayer AgCr2S4 have been determined. The centrosymmetry emerges upon two-dimensional confinement and thus eliminates the bulk polarity. Moreover, two-dimensional ferromagnetism appears in the CrS2 layer of AgCr2S4 and can persist up to room temperature. The surface adsorption has also been taken into consideration, which shows a nonmonotonic effect on the ionic conductivity through ion displacement of the interlayer Ag, but has little impact on the layered magnetic structure.Comment: 9 oages, 5 figures, 2 table