MMORPG avatars: Representations of escapism in Chinese society based on semiotics of culture

The development of Internet technology and globalization have boosted the game industry, and among which Massive Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games (MMORPGs) provide a space where players could create their own avatar at will, and generate their physical and psychological involvement to participate in the virtual experience of the game context. Through cases with semiotics analysis and cultural phenomenon, the correlation between in-game avatar and escapism in Chinese context would be examined on how do in-game avatars connect with escapism in China. This highly resilient virtual social space provides a malleable field far from reality, for the transition from culture to nature, from reality to illusion, and from self to digital self. By analyzing the correlation and rooted reasons between in-game avatar in MMORPGs and escapism in Chinese social context, this project will contribute to the re-understanding of the symbolic meaning of in-game avatars and realistic meaning in Chinese society

The economic burden of cervical cancer from diagnosis to one year after final discharge in Henan Province, China: A retrospective case series study.

BACKGROUND: In China, the disease burden of cervical cancer remains substantial. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are expensive and not yet centrally funded. To inform immunization policy, understanding the economic burden of the disease is necessary. This study adopted a societal perspective and investigated costs and quality of life changes associated with cervical cancer from diagnosis to one year after final discharge in Henan province, China. METHODS: Inpatient records of cervical cancer patients admitted to the largest cancer hospital in Henan province between Jan. 2017 and Dec. 2018 were extracted. A telephone interview with four modules was conducted in Jun.-Jul. 2019 with a 40% random draw of patients to obtain direct non-medical costs and indirect costs associated with inpatients, costs associated with outpatient visits, and changes in quality of life status using the EQ-5D-5L instrument. Direct medical expenditures were converted to opportunity costs of care using cost-to-charge ratios obtained from hospital financial reports. For each clinical stage (IA-IV), total costs per case from diagnosis to one year after final discharge were extrapolated based on inpatient records, responses to the telephone interview, and recommendation on outpatient follow-ups by Chinese cervical cancer treatment guidelines. Loss in quality-adjusted life years was obtained using the 'under the curve' method and regression predictions. RESULTS: A total of 3,506 inpatient records from 1,323 patients were obtained. Among 541 randomly selected patients, 309 completed at least one module of the telephone interview. The average total costs per case associated with cervical cancer from diagnosis to one year after final discharge ranged from $8,066-$22,888 (in 2018 US Dollar) and the quality-adjusted life years loss varied from 0.05-0.26 for IA-IV patients. CONCLUSIONS: The economic burden associated with cervical cancer is substantial in Henan province. Our study provided important baseline information for cost-effectiveness analysis of HPV immunization program in China

Digital supply chain: literature review of seven related technologies

This paper systematically reviews literature related with digital supply chains (DSC) and investigates the application status and development trend of different digital technologies in supply chain management. The review is conducted from the perspective of seven key digital supply chain technologies, i.e. Internet of Things (IoT) & Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G), 3D Printing, Big data (BD), Blockchain, Digital Twins (DT), and Intelligent autonomous vehicles (IAVs). It highlights the main limitations and opportunities of the various DSC technologies, provides an overview of prior studies, and identifies knowledge gaps by outlining the advantages, weaknesses and restrictions of individual technology. The paper also aims at providing a development framework as a roadmap for the match of different digital technologies with different strategic goals

Caffeine intake antagonizes salt sensitive hypertension through improvement of renal sodium handling

High salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension. Although acute caffeine intake produces moderate diuresis and natriuresis, caffeine increases the blood pressure (BP) through activating sympathetic activity. However, the long-term effects of caffeine on urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure are rarely investigated. Here, we investigated whether chronic caffeine administration antagonizes salt sensitive hypertension by promoting urinary sodium excretion. Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats were fed with high salt diet with or without 0.1% caffeine in drinking water for 15 days. The BP, heart rate and locomotor activity of rats was analyzed and urinary sodium excretion was determined. The renal epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) expression and function were measured by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Chronic consumption of caffeine attenuates hypertension induced by high salt without affecting sympathetic nerve activity in Dahl-S rats. The renal α-ENaC expression and ENaC activity of rats decreased after chronic caffeine administration. Caffeine increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decrease α-ENaC expression in cortical collecting duct cells. Inhibiting AMPK abolished the effect of caffeine on α-ENaC. Chronic caffeine intake prevented the development of salt-sensitive hypertension through promoting urinary sodium excretion, which was associated with activation of renal AMPK and inhibition of renal tubular ENaC

Efficacy mechanisms research progress of the active components in the characteristic woody edible oils

Woody edible oils are a type of vegetable oil. Woody edible oils like olive oil have greater quantities of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), particularly essential FAs, as well as vitamin E, phytosterols, and other nutrients that are becoming more vital in human health. As a result, finding high-quality woody oil resource plants is critical to ensuring enough edible oil supply. As six novel woody crops, Paeonia suffruticosa, Plukenetia volubilis, Acer truncatum, Olea europaea, Camellia sinensis, and Camellia oleifera are characterized by high oil production, widespread cultivation, adaptability, and various active ingredients. The six woody crop oils contain UFAs (e.g., α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid), vitamin E, polyphenols, phytosterols, and so forth. The presence of these active ingredients confers anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol and lipid metabolism regulating, blood lipid lowering, immune boosting, memory improving, intestinal flora regulating, and other properties to the oils, which are beneficial to body health. This article examined in depth the seed resources, FA composition, active component kinds, active ingredient efficacy mechanism, and physiological impacts of these six novel woody crop oils. These developments lay a solid platform for further study and development of these woody oil crops.This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (No. 2021C02002), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant (No. LZ22C200006), Top young talents of the ten thousand talents program of Zhejiang Province (ZJWR0308016), Key R&D projects in Zhejiang Province (2023C04010), and Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Project (LGN21C200006). Agusti Romero acknowledges financial support from the CERCA Program from the Generalitat of Catalonia. We would like to thank all contributors of the current study for their concepts, ideas, contribution, and provision.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effectiveness and Safety of a phototherapeutic contact lens for Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading complication of diabetes. It is thought that increased rod metabolism under dark adaptation exacerbates hypoxia in diabetic retina. Nowadays most treatments for DR are invasive and need multiple clinic visits. Recently a phototherapeutic contact lens has been designed to provide illumination to retina as a means to supress dark adaptation. It may be possible to delay the progression of DR. The purpose of this study is to explore the bioactivity and safety of this device. Methods : Six eyes from three healthy mature white New Zealand rabbits were used. The phototherapeutic contact lens was placed on treated eye. An non-phototherapeutic contact lens was used on the fellow eye as a control. To determine bioactivity of photoreceptors, an ERG was performed. Flash response, including amplitude and implicit time on scotopic condition were analyzed at different flash intensities (100, 300, 1000, 3000, 10000, 25000 mcd.s/m^2, respectively). Animals were under a 20-minutes period of dark adaption before any ERG. Then the contact lens were swapped on the eyes and the ERG were repeated. The whole process was performed in a dark room under dim red light. Once ERG were completed, the phototherapeutic contac lens was sutured to the eye for a long–term period (28 days) to verify safety. There will be a statistical analysis using Graph Pad Prism 7.0, determining the degree of correlation between the groups. Histological analysis will be performed to determine safety. Results : The ERG showed that both the amplitude and implicit time of b-wave in the treated eye were significantly shorter than the untreated eye under scotopic conditions (Figure 1). No significant difference in the amplitude and implicit time of a-wave was observed. A representative plot (Figure 2) shows significant depression of b-wave, both in the amplitude and implicit time (amplitude: p=0.01; implicit time: p<0.001). Conclusions : The phototherapeutic contact lens can effectively reduce the bioactivity of the retina, without ocular side effects in an acute follow-up. Further studies should be performed for a long-term placement in both healthy and retinal ischemic animal models to determine whether this device can reduce oxygen consumption in retina and delay disease progression. Long-term histology from contact lens safety is on going and will be presented

Effectiveness of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines During a Delta Variant Outbreak in Hunan Province, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against the Delta variant. We performed a retrospective cohort study of close contacts of people with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in Hunan province, China, from July to August 2021. Mixed-effect logistic regression was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE), and analyze the effects of the vaccination status of index cases and the exposure risk level on VE estimation. A total of 1,685 close contacts of 126 index cases were included; 835 (49.6%) had received two doses of inactivated vaccines, and the median interval between the 2nd dose and exposure was 48 days (IQR: 41 to 56 days). Full vaccination was defined as two doses at least 14 days before exposure. Adjusted VE estimates for full vaccination were 54.8% (95% CI: 7.7 to 77.9) and 68.4% (95% CI: 8.5 to 89.1) against symptomatic and moderate-to-severe COVID-19, respectively. VE for inactivated vaccines was difficult to observe if index cases had been fully vaccinated. The estimated VE with respect to infection protection was lower among household than non-household contacts. Complete primary immunization of two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccines protected against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection. Infection risk was higher among vaccinated household contacts than vaccinated non-household contacts

Effectiveness and Safety of a phototherapeutic contact lens for Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading complication of diabetes. It is thought that increased rod metabolism under dark adaptation exacerbates hypoxia in diabetic retina. Nowadays most treatments for DR are invasive and need multiple clinic visits. Recently a phototherapeutic contact lens has been designed to provide illumination to retina as a means to supress dark adaptation. It may be possible to delay the progression of DR. The purpose of this study is to explore the bioactivity and safety of this device. Methods : Six eyes from three healthy mature white New Zealand rabbits were used. The phototherapeutic contact lens was placed on treated eye. An non-phototherapeutic contact lens was used on the fellow eye as a control. To determine bioactivity of photoreceptors, an ERG was performed. Flash response, including amplitude and implicit time on scotopic condition were analyzed at different flash intensities (100, 300, 1000, 3000, 10000, 25000 mcd.s/m^2, respectively). Animals were under a 20-minutes period of dark adaption before any ERG. Then the contact lens were swapped on the eyes and the ERG were repeated. The whole process was performed in a dark room under dim red light. Once ERG were completed, the phototherapeutic contac lens was sutured to the eye for a long–term period (28 days) to verify safety. There will be a statistical analysis using Graph Pad Prism 7.0, determining the degree of correlation between the groups. Histological analysis will be performed to determine safety. Results : The ERG showed that both the amplitude and implicit time of b-wave in the treated eye were significantly shorter than the untreated eye under scotopic conditions (Figure 1). No significant difference in the amplitude and implicit time of a-wave was observed. A representative plot (Figure 2) shows significant depression of b-wave, both in the amplitude and implicit time (amplitude: p=0.01; implicit time: p<0.001). Conclusions : The phototherapeutic contact lens can effectively reduce the bioactivity of the retina, without ocular side effects in an acute follow-up. Further studies should be performed for a long-term placement in both healthy and retinal ischemic animal models to determine whether this device can reduce oxygen consumption in retina and delay disease progression. Long-term histology from contact lens safety is on going and will be presented