DataSheet_1_Climate change alters the spatial pattern of plant spectral diversity across forest types.pdf

Species distribution, spatial distance, and neighboring interact6ions are among the most important drivers of global variation in plant species diversity. However, the effects of climate change on the relationship between spatial interactions and species diversity remain unknown. Here, we applied 12 machine learning models to assess the responses of spectral diversity (indicating species diversity) in forests in seven protected forest areas in China. Changes in 27 climatic variables during two time periods, 1990–2005 and 2005–2020, were analyzed. The results indicated that spectral diversity and intraspecific spatial distance have increased significantly with climate change. These results also provide insights into the variations in spectral diversity. Particularly, the contributions of neighboring interactions and plant–plant distances to the variation in species diversity between 1990 and 2000 were greater than the contribution of climate change in all forest types. Our analysis revealed that species diversity, plant–plant interactions, and spatial distance are closely associated with each other and sharply shifted under climate change. From this perspective, spatial interaction analysis—to a greater degree than analysis of community composition—can provide additional insights into the underlying mechanisms of changes in species diversity under current global-warming conditions.</p

Co-Expression and Co-Purification of Archaeal and Eukaryal Box C/D RNPs

<div><p>Box C/D ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) are 2′-O-methylation enzymes required for maturation of ribosomal and small nuclear RNA. Previous biochemical and structural studies of the box C/D RNPs were limited by the unavailability of purified intact RNPs. We developed a bacterial co-expression strategy based on the combined use of a multi-gene expression system and a tRNA-scaffold construct that allowed the expression and purification of homogeneous archaeal and human box C/D RNPs. While the co-expressed and co-purified archaeal box C/D RNP was found to be fully active in a 2′-O-methylation assay, the intact human U14 box C/D RNP showed no detectable catalytic activity, consistent with the earlier findings that assembly of eukaryotic box C/D RNPs is nonspontaneous and requires additional protein factors. Our systems provide a means for further biochemical and structural characterization of box C/D RNPs and their assembly factors.</p></div

A Selective and Ratiometric Bifunctional Fluorescent Probe for Al³⁺ Ion and Proton

A new bifunctional probe based on a pyrene–amino acid conjugate for the differential response of Al³⁺ and H⁺ was demonstrated for the first time. Interestingly, two solvent-dependent sensing mechanisms for Al³⁺, which feature a ratiometric change from excimer to monomer in CH₃OH and a turn-on response in water, are also disclosed

Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of RNA samples from co-expressing box C/D RNPs.

<p>Delta Rn indicates the magnitude of amplification and is the normalized and base-line corrected fluorescence emission intensity of the reporter dye obtained for each PCR reaction. A). Amplification plots of qRT-PCR of RNA samples extracted from Ni-NTA purified (red) or cell lysate (green) of <i>Archaeoglobus fulgidus</i> sR3 sRNP. B). Amplification plots of qRT-PCR of RNA samples extracted from Ni-NTA purified (red) or cell lysate (green) of human U14 snoRNP.</p

Co-expression and purification of recombinant <i>Archaeoglobus fulgidus</i> sR3 sRNP.

<p>A) Silver-stained SDS-PAGE gel analysis of purified sR3 sRNP components “Af-3Pro-sR3” denotes the sample expressing Nop5, fibrillarin, L7Ae and sR3 RNA. “Af-3Pro-tRNA-sR3” denotes that expressing Nop5, fibrillarin, L7Ae and sR3-tRNA chimeric RNA. Box C/D proteins and sR3-tRNA chimeric RNA are labeled and indicated by arrows. The sR3 sRNPs were purified by Ni-NTA affinity followed by gel filtration method based on the single histidine tag present in Nop5. B). Polyacrylamide gel analysis of total RNA extracted from cells expressing only box C/D proteins (Af-3Pro) or proteins plus sR3-tRNA chimeric RNA (Af-3Pro-tRNA-sR3). The location of sR3-tRNA chimera is indicated.</p

Diagrams of co-expression plasmids based on pQlink system.

<p>A). The pQlink-N vector inserted with tRNA-box C/D RNA chimera coding sequence. B). Co-expression plasmids inserted with all proteins and RNA encoding sequences. The region containing inserted genes is highlighted on top for pQafCDtRNA+ and pQhsCDtRNA+, respectively. Other elements of the co-expression plasmid are also shown at the bottom.</p

'Skaparen har inrättat de skapade ting...'

Anion to cation relay recognition was designed and realized for the first time with sequence specificity (F^–→Cu²⁺) via a fluorescence “off–on–off” mechanism. Probe <b>1</b> was a highly selective, sensitive, and turn-on chemodosimeter for F^– through a specific cyclization reaction triggered by the strong affinity of fluoride toward silicon with a significant change of fluorescence color in both ethanol and ethanol–water (1:1, v/v) solution. Fluorescence enhancement factors were dramatic: 833-fold in ethanol and 164-fold in ethanol–water (1:1, v/v) solution, respectively. The in situ system generated from the sensing of F^– showed good relay recognition ability for Cu²⁺ via fast fluorescence quenching by the formation of a 1:1 complex in ethanol–water (1:1, v/v) solution. The isolated pure compound <b>2</b> also exhibited high selectivity toward Cu²⁺ in PBS buffer (pH = 7.0) solution. The origin of this sequence specificity of fluorescence recognition was disclosed through the crystal or optimized structures and DFT calculations of corresponding compounds

Co-expression and purification of recombinant human U14 box C/D snoRNP.

<p>A). Coomassie blue-stained SDS-PAGE gel analysis of purified U14 snoRNP. The U14 snoRNP was purified by Ni-NTA affinity followed by gel filtration method based on the single histidine tag present in NOP56. B). Total RNA extracted from cells expressing various proteins and RNA under both inducing and noninducing conditions. “H-3Pro” denotes the construct expressing NOP56, NOP58, and fibrillarin, “H-4Pro” denotes the construct expressing NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, and 15.5 K, “H-4Pro-U14” denotes the construct expressing NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, 15.5 K and U14 RNA, “H-4Pro-tRNA-U14” denotes the construct expressing NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, 15.5 K and U14-tRNA chimera RNA. C). Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE gel analysis of the cell lysates of the samples described in B). Locations of NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin and 15.5 K are indicated.</p

Schematics of box C/D ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) and chimera RNA used in co-expression studies.

<p>A) Eukaryotic box C/D RNPs comprise Nop56, Nop58, fibrillarin (FIB), 15.5 K (Snu13p in yeast), and a box C/D RNA. In archaea, Nop56 and Nop58 have a single homolog, Nop5, and 15.5 K has a homolog, L7Ae. The protein assembly model is based on architecture revealed by archaeal box C/D RNP crystal structures. B) Construction of the tRNA-box C/D RNA chimera. tRNA is divided into two parts (part I and part II) that flank the sequence encoding the box C/D RNA.</p

Synthesis of a Ternary Thiostannate with 3D Channel Decorated by Hydronium for High Proton Conductivity

Metal chalcogenides with various channel structures feature a number of interesting properties including fast-ion conductivity and selective ion exchange. Most of these compounds are popularly prepared based on the templates of organic amines that play the part of a structure directing agent and even structure-building units, while it still remains a challenge as to the organotemplate-free synthesis for these compounds. Here, a new ternary thiostannate (H₃O)₄­Cu₈Sn₃­S₁₂ was synthesized through a facile, efficient, and organotemplate-free route under hydrothermal conditions. The framework of (H₃O)₄­Cu₈Sn₃­S₁₂ consists of [Cu₈Sn₆­S₂₄]^8– building units and possesses a 3D interconnected 8-ring channel structure decorated by pure hydroniums, which not only balance the charges but also facilitate the proton conductivity. The proton conductivity reaches as high as 1.03 × 10^–3 S cm^–1 at 393 K under anhydrous conditions, which is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of (H₃O)₂­(enH₂)­Cu₈Sn₃­S₁₂, a similar channel structure compound prepared by using ethylene­diamine as an organic template