1,952 research outputs found
Coordinate-based neural representations for computational adaptive optics in widefield microscopy
Widefield microscopy is widely used for non-invasive imaging of biological
structures at subcellular resolution. When applied to complex specimen, its
image quality is degraded by sample-induced optical aberration. Adaptive optics
can correct wavefront distortion and restore diffraction-limited resolution but
require wavefront sensing and corrective devices, increasing system complexity
and cost. Here, we describe a self-supervised machine learning algorithm,
CoCoA, that performs joint wavefront estimation and three-dimensional
structural information extraction from a single input 3D image stack without
the need for external training dataset. We implemented CoCoA for widefield
imaging of mouse brain tissues and validated its performance with
direct-wavefront-sensing-based adaptive optics. Importantly, we systematically
explored and quantitatively characterized the limiting factors of CoCoA's
performance. Using CoCoA, we demonstrated the first in vivo widefield mouse
brain imaging using machine-learning-based adaptive optics. Incorporating
coordinate-based neural representations and a forward physics model, the
self-supervised scheme of CoCoA should be applicable to microscopy modalities
in general.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figure
Mechanisms of Cross-protection by Influenza Virus M2-based Vaccines
Current influenza virus vaccines are based on strain-specific surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) antigens and effective only when the predicted vaccine strains and circulating viruses are well-matched. The current strategy of influenza vaccination does not prevent the pandemic outbreaks and protection efficacy is reduced or ineffective if mutant strains emerge. It is of high priority to develop effective vaccines and vaccination strategies conferring a broad range of cross protection. The extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) is highly conserved among human influenza A viruses and has been utilized to develop new vaccines inducing cross protection against different subtypes of influenza A virus. However, immune mechanisms of cross protection by M2e-based vaccines still remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we review immune correlates and mechanisms conferring cross protection by M2e-based vaccines. Molecular and cellular immune components that are known to be involved in M2 immune-mediated protection include antibodies, B cells, T cells, alveolar macrophages, Fc receptors, complements, and natural killer cells. Better understanding of protective mechanisms by immune responses induced by M2e vaccination will help facilitate development of broadly cross protective vaccines against influenza A virus
Adrenal ganglioneuroma with hepatic metastasis
Ganglioneuroma is the most differentiated tumor of neural crest origin and rarely arises in the adrenal gland. Ganglioneuroma is typically known to be benign, but very rarely can metastasize to distant sites. We report a case of a 31-year-old man with a huge adrenal mass with hepatic metastases
Stress-induced Cardiomyopathy during Pulmonary Resection (Takotsubo Syndrome) - A case report -
Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is caused by emotional or physical stressors and mimics acute myocardial infarction, though Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by reversible left ventricular (LV) apical ballooning in the absence of significant coronary artery disease. We describe a 51-year-old male who underwent left upper lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer, and during which cardiogenic arrest occurred due to stress-induced cardiomyopathy, successfully managed by intra-aortic balloon pumping and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
An Isolated True Aneurysm of the Superficial Femoral Artery in a Young Woman - A case report -
A 39-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to a pulsatile mass on her right inner thigh that was evident for two months. She did not exhibit any risk factors of atherosclerosis, no evidence of vasculitis, or any signs of previous trauma history. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed an adult fist-sized aneurysm on the distal superficial femoral artery. The aneurysm was resected and peripheral circulation was restored with the interposition of a saphenous vein graft. The resected aneurysm had three layers that showed atherosclerosis on histological examination
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