Расчётное уточнение исходной сейсмичности на примере территории г. Салават, Республика Башкортостан

In course of the study, an analysis of the regional earthquake catalogues, issued by different institutions, was fulfilled providing the basis for determination of the seismic regime parameters and regional macroseismic equation on the area of investigation. The obtained data made it possible to calculate the corrected value of general seismicity rate for territory of the city of Salavat, Bashkortostan.В ходе работ выполнен анализ региональных сейсмических каталогов, предоставленных разными агентствами, на основании чего были получены параметры сейсмического режима и региональное макросейсмическое уравнение для исследуемого района. Полученные данные послужили основой для расчета уточненного значения исходной сейсмичности для территории города Салават, Республика Башкортостан

Poder do Estado na sociedade moderna: os problemas de compreensão e investigação

The article analyzes the problems associated with the understanding of state power, as well as theoretical and methodological innovations and research tools used in the study of this political and legal phenomenon. The authors analyze various directions of the legal, political and sociocultural definition of state power, identify and discuss various dimensions and levels in the conceptualization of the latter. In the context of the paper, the government is as a complex political and legal phenomenon, considered as a specific type of general system of public authority, which is implemented by various political subjects, which have a rigid link to the socio-cultural and territorial space.El artículo analiza los problemas asociados con la comprensión del poder estatal, así como las innovaciones teóricas y metodológicas y las herramientas de investigación utilizadas en el estudio de este fenómeno político y legal. Los autores analizan varias direcciones de la definición legal, política y sociocultural del poder estatal, identifican y discuten varias dimensiones y niveles en la conceptualización de este último. En el contexto del documento, el gobierno es como un fenómeno político y legal complejo, considerado como un tipo específico de sistema general de autoridad pública, que es implementado por varios sujetos políticos, que tienen un vínculo rígido con el contexto sociocultural y territorial. espacio.O artigo analisa os problemas associados à compreensão do poder do Estado, bem como as inovações teóricas e metodológicas e ferramentas de pesquisa utilizadas no estudo desse fenômeno político e jurídico. Os autores analisam várias direções da definição jurídica, política e sociocultural do poder do Estado, identificam e discutem várias dimensões e níveis na conceituação do último. No contexto do trabalho, o governo é um fenômeno político e jurídico complexo, considerado como um tipo específico de sistema geral de autoridade pública, que é implementado por vários sujeitos políticos, que têm um vínculo rígido com as relações socioculturais e territoriais. espaço

Progress in crystal extraction and collimation

Recent IHEP Protvino experiments show efficiencies of crystal-assisted slow extraction and collimation of 85.3+-2.8%, at the intensities of the channeled beam on the order of 10^12 proton per spill of 2 s duration. The obtained experimental data well follows the theory predictions. We compare the measurements against theory and outline the theoretical potential for further improvement in the efficiency of the technique. This success is important for the efficient use of IHEP accelerator and for implementation of crystal-assisted collimation at RHIC and slow extraction from AGS onto E952, now in preparation. Future applications, spanning in the energy from order of 1 GeV (scraping in SNS, slow extraction from COSY and medical accelerators) to order of 1 TeV and beyond (scraping in Tevatron, LHC, VLHC), can benefit from these studies.Comment: 7pp. Presented at HEACC 2001 (Tsukuba, March 25-30

First observation of proton reflection from bent crystals

We recently suggested using short bent crystals as primary collimators in a two stage cleaning system for hadron colliders, with the aim of providing larger impact parameters in the secondary bulk absorber, through coherent beam-halo deflection [1]. Tests with crystals a few mm long, performed with 70 GeV proton beams at IEHP in Protvino, showed a channeling efficiency exceeding 85 %. We also observed disturbing phenomena such as dechannelling at large impact angle, insufficient bending induced by volume capture inside the crystal, multiple scattering of non-channeled protons and, for the first time, a proton flux reflected by the crystalline planes. Indeed, protons with a tangent path to the curved planes somewhere inside the crystal itself are deflected in the opposite direction with respect to the channeled particles, with an angle almost twice as large as the critical angle. This effect, up to now only predicted by computer simulations [2], produces a flux of particles in the wrong direction with respect to the absorber, which may hamper the collimation efficiency if neglected