Intestinal barrier dysfunction in SII mice.

<p>(A) The tight junctions observed with TEM in SII-Reb mice at day 5 and SII-Sal mice at day 5 and at day 10 were significantly damaged. The wider intervals (green arrowheads) between the intestinal epithelial cells were indicated. (B-C) The mRNA expressions of Zo-1 (B) and Occludin (C) in the small intestine of the 4 groups were shown (n = 6, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with Con-Reb and Con-Sal groups; ^&<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with SII-Sal, Con-Reb, and Con-Sal groups). (D-F) Protein abundances of Zo-1 (E) and Occludin (F) were indicated by Western blotting (n = 6, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with Con-Reb and Con-Sal groups; ^&<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with SII-Sal, Con-Reb, and Con-Sal groups). (G) Serum levels of D-LAC in mice of the four groups were shown (n = 6, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with Con-Reb and Con-Sal groups).</p

Green Carbon Dots Illuminate Biogenic Nanohybrids toward Soft, Piezo/Photoactive, and Physically Transient Nanogenerators

Green electronics comprising degradable materials are ideal solutions for electronic wastes. Here, we report the construction of a soft, piezo/photoactive, and physically transient biogenic nanogenerator. A green luminescent, biogenic hybrid, carbon quantum dot (CQD)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanofiber is manufactured with electrospinning technology. The synergy of CQD and CNC enables the enhancement of degradability of PHB. Simultaneously, the piezoelectric CNC makes a contribution to the piezoelectric response of the hybrid nanofiber. The appropriate inclusion of the CQD allows the creation of luminous, local stress concentration points that further enhance the piezoelectric response of the hybrid nanofiber. The output voltage and output current of the nanofibrous CQD/CNQ/PHB-based piezoelectric nanogenerator are 6.7 and 4.4 times higher than those of the state-of-the-art pristine PHB-based equivalent, respectively. This type of nanogenerator is also self-adaptive to changes in external mechanical stimuli. Moreover, the soft nanogenerator as a tactile sensor exhibits high reliability in the real-time dynamic sensing of athletic motions. Importantly, with a remarkable combination of piezoelectricity and photoluminescence, the biogenic nanogenerator array demonstrates the first application as a bimodal piezo/photo encryption alarm system. It shows great potential in the smart home and security field. We suppose that the multiple-responsive biogenic nanohybrids are very promising in green transient optoelectronics

Expression changes of COX-1, COX-2, and PGE₂ after rebamipide administration.

<p>(A-B) The mRNA expressions of COX-1 (A) and COX-2 (B) in the small intestine of the four groups were shown (n = 6, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with Con-Reb and Con-Sal groups; ^&<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with SII-Sal, Con-Reb, and Con-Sal groups). (C) Immunohistochemistry staining for COX-1 and COX-2 in small intestinal epithelium of the SII-Reb and SII-Sal groups was shown. COX-1 and COX-2 positive cells were detected in the subepithelial area (black arrowheads; bar indicates 25μm). (D) Protein levels of COX-1, COX-2, and PGE₂ indicated by Western blots analysis. (G-I) The integrated intensities of bands for COX-1, COX-2, and PGE₂ (n = 6, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with Con-Reb and Con-Sal groups; ^&<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with SII-Sal, Con-Reb, and Con-Sal groups). (H) The concentrations of PGE₂ in the small intestine of the four groups were shown (n = 6, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with Con-Reb and Con-Sal groups; ^&<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with SII-Sal, Con-Reb, and Con-Sal groups).</p

Body weights and histological changes of small intestines in mice.

<p>(A) The body weights of mice in the four groups were shown. The bars indicated the body weights of mice measured by gram (n = 6, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 when compared with Con-Reb and Con-Sal groups). (B) Histological changes of mice in the four groups were shown. In the SII-Reb and SII-Sal groups, the small intestine showed acute transmural injuries with villi atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, cell swelling, epithelial cell necrosis, and dilation of sub-epithelial space at day 5. The small-intestine enteritis of the SII-Reb mice after rebamipide administration was milder than that of the SII-Sal mice at day 10 (Bar indicates 50 μm).</p

PCNA immunostaining in small intestinal epithelium.

<p>The intestinal PCNA-positive cells (arrowheads) in the four groups were marked by immunohistochemistry (Bar indicates 50μm).</p