A Study on the Sudden Death of Entanglement

The dynamics of entanglement and the phenomenon of entanglement sudden death (ESD) \cite{yu} are discussed in bipartite systems, measured by Wootters Concurrence. Our calculation shows that ESD appears whenever the system is open or closed and is dependent on the initial condition. The relation of the evolution of entanglement and energy transfer between the system and its surroundings is also studied.Comment: Comments and criticism are welcome. Accepted by Phys. Lett.

Impact of the aqueous corrosion induced alteration layer on mechanical properties of pharmaceutical glasses.

It is known that network modifying ions (such as alkali or alkaline earth ions) make glasses susceptible to aqueous corrosion, resulting in the alteration of their surface layers. However, the effect of the altered layers on the mechanical properties of glasses has not been well understood. In this work we study this effect using the pharmaceutical boroaluminosilicate (BAS) glasses as objects by performing nano- and macroscale mechanical tests. The results show that extending the corrosion time increases the thickness of the alteration layer of the BAS glass. The water-related species in the alteration layer lowers the nanohardness, the reduced modulus, the nanowear resistance and Vickers hardness. The corrosion-induced “silica-like” structure in alteration layer benefits the densification of the subsurface caused by nanoindentation and nanowear, and thereby enhances the fracture toughness of the BAS glass. The correlation between the water content in the alteration layer and the mechanical properties has been revealed. This work is instrumental in the design of the next generation of pharmaceutical glasses with higher toughness

Effect of Pivot Point on Aerodynamic Force and Vortical Structure of Pitching Flat Plate Wings

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106512/1/AIAA2013-792.pd

Supersonic Jet Noise Reduction by Coaxial Jets with Coplanar and Staggered Exits

Far-field noise radiated from coaxial cold underexpanded jet flows issuing from convergent two-nozzle configurations with coplanar and staggered-exits is investigated experimentally. The coaxial jets are operated in the "inverted" mode, i.e., the outer (annular) jet flow Mach number is higher than that of the inner (round) jet. Keeping all other geometrical and operating conditions the same, the exit-stagger of the inner (round) and the outer (annular) nozzles was varied. It is shown that the extent of the exit-stagger affects both the flows and the radiated noise from such coaxial underexpanded jet flows and that comparatively, the lowest noise levels are achieved when the coaxial nozzle-exits are coplanar. Moreover, the effectiveness of the co-flowing inner jet flow in reducing the noise radiated from either the annular or the coaxial underexpanded jet flows decreases noticeably as the exit-stagger is increased

Information loss in local dissipation environments

The sensitivity of entanglement to the thermal and squeezed reservoirs' parameters is investigated regarding entanglement decay and what is called sudden-death of entanglement, ESD, for a system of two qubit pairs. The dynamics of information is investigated by means of the information disturbance and exchange information. We show that for squeezed reservoir, we can keep both of the entanglement and information survival for a long time. The sudden death of information is seen in the case of thermal reservoir

Quasinormal modes of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by free static spherically symmetric quintessence: Electromagnetic perturbations

In this paper, we evaluated the quasinormal modes of electromagnetic perturbation in a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by the static spherically symmetric quintessence by using the third-order WKB approximation when the quintessential state parameter $w_{q}$ in the range of $-1/3<w_{q}<0$. Due to the presence of quintessence, Maxwell field damps more slowly. And when at $-1<w_{q}<-1/3$, it is similar to the black hole solution in the ds/Ads spacetime. The appropriate boundary conditions need to be modified.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Effects of Supplemental Glutamine on Growth Performance, Plasma Parameters and LPS-induced Immune Response of Weaned Barrows after Castration

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental glutamine on growth performance, plasma parameters and LPS-induced immune response of weaned barrows after castration. In experiment 1, forty-eight weaned male piglets were used and fed maize and soybean meal diets supplemented with 0 (Control) or 2% L-Gln (Gln+) for 25 days. The results indicated that the Gln+ group tended to increase average daily gain compared to control in stages of days 7 to 14 and 0 to 25. The Gln+ had significantly better feed efficiency than the control group did during days 14 to 25 and 0 to 25. The plasma blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase contents of Gln+ group were higher than those of the control group on day 14 post-weaning. In experiment 2, sixteen weaned male piglets were injected with E. coli K88+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 14 post-weaning. The results showed that the Gln+ group had lower concentrations of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol than the control group on day 14 pre-LPS challenge. In addition, Gln+ group had higher plasma IgG concentration than the control group for pre- or post-LPS challenged on day 14 post-weaning. In summary, dietary supplementation of Gin was able to alleviate the stressful condition and inflammation associated with castration in weaned barrows, and to improve their immunity and growth performance in the early starter stage

Calculations of parity nonconserving s-d transitions in Cs, Fr, Ba II, and Ra II

We have performed ab initio mixed-states and sum-over-states calculations of parity nonconserving (PNC) electric dipole (E1) transition amplitudes between s-d electron states of Cs, Fr, Ba II, and Ra II. For the lower states of these atoms we have also calculated energies, E1 transition amplitudes, and lifetimes. We have shown that PNC E1 transition amplitudes between s-d states can be calculated to high accuracy. Contrary to the Cs 6s-7s transition, in these transitions there are no strong cancelations between different terms in the sum-over-states approach. In fact, there is one dominating term which deviates from the sum by less than 20%. This term corresponds to an s-p_{1/2} weak matrix element, which can be calculated to better than 1%, and a p_{1/2}-d_{3/2} E1 transition amplitude, which can be measured. Also, the s-d amplitudes are about four times larger than the corresponding s-s transitions. We have shown that by using a hybrid mixed-states/sum-over-states approach the accuracy of the calculations of PNC s-d amplitudes could compete with that of Cs 6s-7s if p_{1/2}-d_{3/2} E1 amplitudes are measured to high accuracy.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Microscopic nonequilibrium theory of double-barrier Josephson junctions

We study nonequilibrium charge transport in a double-barrier Josephson junction, including nonstationary phenomena, using the time-dependent quasiclassical Keldysh Green's function formalism. We supplement the kinetic equations by appropriate time-dependent boundary conditions and solve the time-dependent problem in a number of regimes. From the solutions, current-voltage characteristics are derived. It is understood why the quasiparticle current can show excess current as well as deficit current and how the subgap conductance behaves as function of junction parameters. A time-dependent nonequilibrium contribution to the distribution function is found to cause a non-zero averaged supercurrent even in the presence of an applied voltage. Energy relaxation due to inelastic scattering in the interlayer has a prominent role in determining the transport properties of double-barrier junctions. Actual inelastic scattering parameters are derived from experiments. It is shown as an application of the microscopic model, how the nature of the intrinsic shunt in double-barrier junctions can be explained in terms of energy relaxation and the opening of Andreev channels.Comment: Accepted for Phys. Rev.