73 research outputs found
\u27Nothing\u27 between a Novelist and a Playwright in Nostromo
千葉大学社会文化科学研究科研究プロジェクト報告書第107集『モダニズム研究-国際比較の観点から』所収The study of modernism : from the international comparative perspective : report on the research project
Formal Synthesis of (±)-Galanthamine and (±)-Lycoramine Using Rh(I)-Catalyzed [(3 + 2) + 1] Cycloaddition of 1‑Ene–Vinylcyclopropane and CO
An
efficient strategy using Rh(I)-catalyzed [(3 + 2) + 1] cycloaddition
of 1-ene–vinylcyclopropane and CO as a key step to build the <i>cis</i>-hydrodibenzofuran skeleton has been developed and applied
for the formal synthesis of (±)-galanthamine and (±)-lycoramine
Table_1_Two New Lytic Bacteriophages of the Myoviridae Family Against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.DOCX
<p>Two lytic bacteriophages, WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, were recovered from hospital sewage and were able to infect 9 and 12 out of 18 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains, which belonged to different clones. Electron microscopy scan showed that both bacteriophages had the similar morphology as those of the Myoviridae family. Whole genomic sequencing revealed 45.4- or 45.8-kb genome with a 37.6% GC content for WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, both of which showed significant DNA sequence similarity with bacteriophages of the Ap22virus genus within the Myoviridae family. Taxonomic analysis was therefore performed following the proposal approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which confirmed that WCHABP1 and WCHABP12 represented two new species of the Ap22virus genus. No tRNAs but 88 and 89 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted for the two bacteriophages, among which 22 and 21 had known function and encoded proteins for morphogenesis, packaging, lysis, and nucleiotide metabolism. The C-terminal amino acids of the large unit of fiber tail proteins varied between the bacteriophages, which may explain their different host ranges. For most lytic bacteriophages, a set of holin and endolysin are required for lysis. However, no known holin-encoding genes were identified in WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, suggesting that they may use alternative, yet-to-be-identified, novel holins for host cell membrane lysis. To test the efficacy of the bacteriophages in protecting against A. baumannii infection, a Galleria mellonella larva model was used. Only <20% G. mellonella larvae survived at 96 h after being infected by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains, from which the two bacteriophages were recovered. With the administration of WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, the survival of larvae increased to 75%, while the treatment of polymyxin B only slightly increased the survival rate to 25%. The isolation of two new lytic bacteriophages in this study could expand our sight on Acinetobacter bacteriophages and may offer new potential therapeutic alternatives against A. baumannii.</p
Computational analysis of deposition and translocation of inhaled nicotine and acrolein in the human body with e-cigarette puffing topographies
<p>Recently, toxicants such as formaldehyde and acrolein were detected in electronic cigarette (EC) aerosols. It is imperative to conduct research and provide sufficient quantitative evidence to address the associated potential health risks. However, it is still a lack of informative data, i.e., high-resolution local dosimetry of inhaled aerosols in lung airways and other systemic regions, due to the limited imaging resolutions, restricted operational flexibilities, and invasive nature of experimental and clinical studies. In this study, an experimentally validated multiscale numerical model, i.e., Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics (CFPD) model combined with a Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic (PBTK) model is developed to predict the systemic translocation of nicotine and acrolein in the human body after the deposition in the respiratory system. <i>In-silico</i> parametric analysis is performed for puff topography influence on the deposition and translocation of nicotine and acrolein in human respiratory systems and the systemic region. Results indicate that the puff volume and holding time can contribute to the variations of the nicotine and acrolein plasma concentration due to enhanced aerosol deposition in the lung. The change in the holding time has resulted in significant difference in the chemical translocation which was neglected in a large group of experimental studies. The capability of simulating multiple puffs of the new CFPD-PBTK model paves the way to a valuable computational simulation tool for assessing the chronic health effects of inhaled EC toxicants.</p> <p>Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research</p
Image_1_Two New Lytic Bacteriophages of the Myoviridae Family Against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.PDF
<p>Two lytic bacteriophages, WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, were recovered from hospital sewage and were able to infect 9 and 12 out of 18 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains, which belonged to different clones. Electron microscopy scan showed that both bacteriophages had the similar morphology as those of the Myoviridae family. Whole genomic sequencing revealed 45.4- or 45.8-kb genome with a 37.6% GC content for WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, both of which showed significant DNA sequence similarity with bacteriophages of the Ap22virus genus within the Myoviridae family. Taxonomic analysis was therefore performed following the proposal approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which confirmed that WCHABP1 and WCHABP12 represented two new species of the Ap22virus genus. No tRNAs but 88 and 89 open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted for the two bacteriophages, among which 22 and 21 had known function and encoded proteins for morphogenesis, packaging, lysis, and nucleiotide metabolism. The C-terminal amino acids of the large unit of fiber tail proteins varied between the bacteriophages, which may explain their different host ranges. For most lytic bacteriophages, a set of holin and endolysin are required for lysis. However, no known holin-encoding genes were identified in WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, suggesting that they may use alternative, yet-to-be-identified, novel holins for host cell membrane lysis. To test the efficacy of the bacteriophages in protecting against A. baumannii infection, a Galleria mellonella larva model was used. Only <20% G. mellonella larvae survived at 96 h after being infected by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains, from which the two bacteriophages were recovered. With the administration of WCHABP1 and WCHABP12, the survival of larvae increased to 75%, while the treatment of polymyxin B only slightly increased the survival rate to 25%. The isolation of two new lytic bacteriophages in this study could expand our sight on Acinetobacter bacteriophages and may offer new potential therapeutic alternatives against A. baumannii.</p
Studies toward the Unique Pederin Family Member Psymberin: Full Structure Elucidation, Two Alternative Total Syntheses, and Analogs
Two synthetic approaches to psymberin have been accomplished.
A
highly convergent first generation synthesis led to the complete stereochemical
assignment and demonstrated that psymberin and irciniastatin A are
identical compounds. This synthesis featured a diastereoselective
aldol coupling between the aryl fragment and a central tetrahydropyran
core and a novel one-pot procedure to convert an amide, via intermediacy
of a sensitive methyl imidate, to the <i>N</i>-acyl aminal
reminiscent of psymberin. The highlights of the second generation
synthesis include an efficient iridium-catalyzed enantioselective
bisallylation of neopentyl glycol and a stepwise Sonogashira coupling/cycloisomerization/reduction
sequence to construct the dihydroisocoumarin unit. The two synthetic
avenues were achieved in 17–18 steps (longest linear sequence,
∼14–15 isolations) from 3 fragments prepared in 7–8
(first generation) and 3–8 (second generation) steps each.
This convergent approach allowed for the preparation of sufficient
amounts of psymberin (∼ 0.5 g) for follow-up biological studies.
Meanwhile, our highly flexible strategy enabled the design and synthesis
of multiple analogs, including a psymberin–pederin hybrid,
termed psympederin, that proved crucial to a comprehensive understanding
of the chemical biology of psymberin and related compounds that will
be described in a subsequent manuscript
Additional file 1: Figs-S1-S4. of The emergence of DNA in the RNA world: an in silico simulation study of genetic takeover
This file includes four supporting figures for the paper, Figs. S1-S4, which have been cited correspondingly in the text. (PDF 471 kb
Duration of Antiviral Prophylaxis and Risk of Herpes Zoster among Patients Receiving Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: A Retrospective, Observational Study
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Synergistic Effect of MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets and VS<sub>2</sub> for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction with Enhanced Humidity-Sensing Performance
As
a typical transition-metal dichalcogenides, MoS<sub>2</sub> has been
a hotspot of research in many fields. In this work, the MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets were compounded on 1T-VS<sub>2</sub> nanoflowers (VS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub>) successfully by a two-step hydrothermal
method for the first time, and their hydrogen evolution properties
were studied mainly. The higher charge-transfer efficiency benefiting
from the metallicity of VS<sub>2</sub> and the greater activity due
to more exposed active edge sites of MoS<sub>2</sub> improve the hydrogen
evolution reaction performance of the nanocomposite electrocatalyst.
Adsorption and transport of an intermediate hydrogen atom by VS<sub>2</sub> also enhances the hydrogen evolution efficiency. The catalyst
shows a low onset potential of 97 mV, a Tafel slope as low as 54.9
mV dec<sup>–1</sup>, and good stability. Combining the electric
conductivity of VS<sub>2</sub> with the physicochemical stability
of MoS<sub>2</sub>, VS<sub>2</sub>@MoS<sub>2</sub> also exhibits excellent
humidity properties
Additional file 2: of The emergence of DNA in the RNA world: an in silico simulation study of genetic takeover
gt1-dx. This file is an executable version of our simulation interface program, which has been tested under the platform of MS-Windows XP and MS-Windows 7.0. (EXE 3434 kb
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