New dispersive solid phase extraction sorbent of graphitic carbon nitride for field evaluation and dissipation kinetics of pesticides in wheat ecosystem by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

<p>Nanosheets of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) were used as the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) sorbent for the first time. GCN successfully purified complex matrices of soil, wheat, and wheat straw utilising a simple QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Pesticides recoveries in the range of 80–110%, small matrix effect, and decreased amounts guaranteed and distinguished this new sorbent. The application of a real formulation of pesticides under field conditions during 2015 in the wheat ecosystem illustrated the clean-up effect and application potential of GCN. It is a valuable and potential substitute for C18 according to the results comparison between two sorbents, including recoveries, matrix-matched calibration, and dissipation kinetics of pesticides. The new use of GCN also enriched the knowledge of d-SPE and sample preparation furthermore.</p

New dispersive solid phase extraction sorbent of graphitic carbon nitride for field evaluation and dissipation kinetics of pesticides in wheat ecosystem by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

<p>Nanosheets of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) were used as the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) sorbent for the first time. GCN successfully purified complex matrices of soil, wheat, and wheat straw utilising a simple QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Pesticides recoveries in the range of 80–110%, small matrix effect, and decreased amounts guaranteed and distinguished this new sorbent. The application of a real formulation of pesticides under field conditions during 2015 in the wheat ecosystem illustrated the clean-up effect and application potential of GCN. It is a valuable and potential substitute for C18 according to the results comparison between two sorbents, including recoveries, matrix-matched calibration, and dissipation kinetics of pesticides. The new use of GCN also enriched the knowledge of d-SPE and sample preparation furthermore.</p

DataSheet2_Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the application of nanotechnology in glioma.PDF

Background: Glioma is the most prevalent malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its highly invasive characteristics and the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the early diagnosis and treatment of glioma remains a major challenge in cancer. With the flourishing development of nanotechnology, targeted nano-therapy for glioma has become a hot topic of current research by using the characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs), such as it is easier to pass the blood–brain barrier, degradable, and aids controllable release of drugs in the brain. The purpose of this study is to visualize the scientific achievements and research trends of the application of nanotechnology in glioma.Methods: We searched the literature related to glioma nanotechnology on the Web of Science (WOS). The bibliometric and visual analysis was performed mainly using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R software, for countries/regions, authors, journals, references, and keywords associated with the field.Results: A total of 3,290 publications from 2012 to June 2022 were searched, and 2,041 works of literature were finally obtained according to the search criteria, the number of publications increasing year by year, with an average growth rate (AGR) of 15.22% from 2012 to 2021. China published 694 (20.99%), followed by the United States (480, 20.70%). The institution with the highest number of publications is Fudan Univ (111, 13.16%), and 80% of the top ten institutions belong to China. HUILE GAO (30) and XINGUO JIANG (30) both published the largest number of research studies. STUPP R (412) was the most cited author, followed by GAO HL (224). The degree of collaboration (DC) among countries/regions, research institutions, and authors is 23.37%, 86.23%, and 99.22%, respectively. International Journal of Nanomedicine published the largest number of publications (81), followed by Biomaterials (73). Biomaterials (1,420) was the most cited journal, followed by J Control Release (1,300). The high frequency of keywords was drug delivery (487), followed by nanoparticle (450), which indicates that nanoparticles (NPs) as a carrier for drug delivery is a hot topic of current research and a direction of continuous development.Conclusion: In recent years, nanotechnology has attracted much attention in the medical field. Cooperation and communication between countries/regions and institutions need to be strengthened in future research to promote the development of nanomedicine. Nanotherapeutic drug delivery systems (NDDS) can enhance drug penetration and retention in tumor tissues, improve drug targeting, and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, which has great potential for the treatment of glioma and has become the focus of current research and future research trends in the treatment of glioma.</p

DataSheet1_Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the application of nanotechnology in glioma.PDF

Background: Glioma is the most prevalent malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its highly invasive characteristics and the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the early diagnosis and treatment of glioma remains a major challenge in cancer. With the flourishing development of nanotechnology, targeted nano-therapy for glioma has become a hot topic of current research by using the characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs), such as it is easier to pass the blood–brain barrier, degradable, and aids controllable release of drugs in the brain. The purpose of this study is to visualize the scientific achievements and research trends of the application of nanotechnology in glioma.Methods: We searched the literature related to glioma nanotechnology on the Web of Science (WOS). The bibliometric and visual analysis was performed mainly using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R software, for countries/regions, authors, journals, references, and keywords associated with the field.Results: A total of 3,290 publications from 2012 to June 2022 were searched, and 2,041 works of literature were finally obtained according to the search criteria, the number of publications increasing year by year, with an average growth rate (AGR) of 15.22% from 2012 to 2021. China published 694 (20.99%), followed by the United States (480, 20.70%). The institution with the highest number of publications is Fudan Univ (111, 13.16%), and 80% of the top ten institutions belong to China. HUILE GAO (30) and XINGUO JIANG (30) both published the largest number of research studies. STUPP R (412) was the most cited author, followed by GAO HL (224). The degree of collaboration (DC) among countries/regions, research institutions, and authors is 23.37%, 86.23%, and 99.22%, respectively. International Journal of Nanomedicine published the largest number of publications (81), followed by Biomaterials (73). Biomaterials (1,420) was the most cited journal, followed by J Control Release (1,300). The high frequency of keywords was drug delivery (487), followed by nanoparticle (450), which indicates that nanoparticles (NPs) as a carrier for drug delivery is a hot topic of current research and a direction of continuous development.Conclusion: In recent years, nanotechnology has attracted much attention in the medical field. Cooperation and communication between countries/regions and institutions need to be strengthened in future research to promote the development of nanomedicine. Nanotherapeutic drug delivery systems (NDDS) can enhance drug penetration and retention in tumor tissues, improve drug targeting, and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, which has great potential for the treatment of glioma and has become the focus of current research and future research trends in the treatment of glioma.</p

ST induces DNA damage in GES-1 cells.

<p>Cells were treated with 0.06% DMSO or different concentrations of ST (0.075, 0.3, 1.5, and 3 µM) in DMSO and then subjected to the comet assay as described in Section 2. (A) Cells containing DNA strand breakage (with long tails) were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope and quantified. (200× magnification; <i>n</i> = 3). The data shown are representative of at least three separate experiments. (B) The ST-induced DNA damage was characterized by an increase in the percentage of DNA tail, the Ttail length, and the Olive tail moment in GES-1 cells. The following groups were assayed: (a) solvent control, (b) 0.075 µM ST, (c) 0.3 µM ST, (d) 1.5 µM ST, and (e) 3 µM ST. The data represent the means ± SD. Differences were considered statistically significant if *<i>P</i><0.01 according to the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.</p

Silencing of p53 by specific p53 siRNA inhibited ST-induced G₂ arrest.

<p>Cells were either not transfected or transfected with 100 nM p53 siRNA and then treated with 3 µM ST for 48 h. (A) Cells were subjected to immunoblot analysis for p-p53 (Ser15), p53, p21, and (C) the regulators related to G₂ arrest. NC: cells transfected with the same concentration of negative control siRNA. β-actin was used as the loading control. (B, D) Intensities of the immunoreactive bands in “A” and “C” were quantified by densitometric scanning and compared with those of the control (considered “1”). (E) The cell cycle phases of the cells were analyzed by FCM. The values shown represent the means ± SD, *<i>P</i><0.05 compared with the solvent-treated control group. <b>^▴</b><i>P</i><0.05 compared with the ST-treated groups. ^#<i>P</i><0.05 compared with the p53 siRNA-treated groups.</p

The p53-p21 pathway is activated in ST-treated GES-1 cells.

<p>GES-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of ST (0.075, 0.3, 1.5, and 3 µM) or solvent for 48 h. (A) Representative immunoblots show the effect of ST treatment on the phosphorylation of p53 (Ser-15) and the expression of p53 and p21. β-actin was used as the normalization control. (B) Intensities of the immunoreactive bands were quantified by densitometric scanning and compared with those of the control (considered “1”). The values shown represent the means ± SD. *<i>P</i><0.05 compared with the solvent-treated control group.</p

Effect of ST on DNA damage-induced ATM activation and G₂ arrest in GES-1 cells.

<p>In response to ST-induced DNA damage, ATM serves as a signal transducer for the activation of its downstream signaling pathway. Activated ATM simultaneously phosphorylates the Thr-68 and Ser-15 residues of Chk2 and p53, respectively. These phosphorylations lead to the activation of their downstream pathway components, which results in the inhibition of the activation of Cdc25 and an increase in the expression of p21^waf1. These steps finally result in the inactivation of the Cyclin B1/Cdc2 complex and the induction of G₂ arrest.</p

Additional file 1: of Molecular cytogenetic identification of three rust-resistant wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum partial amphiploids

Figure S1. Reaction to stripe rust CYR32 of SN0389, SN0398 and SN0406. (TIF 1679 kb

ATM-Chk2 signaling pathway is activated in ST-treated GES-1 cells.

<p>GES-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of ST (0.075, 0.3, 1.5, and 3 µM) or solvent for 48 h. (A) Representative immunoblots show the effect of ST treatment on the phosphorylation of ATM (Ser-1981), Chk2 (Thr-68), and Cdc25C (Ser-216) and the expression of ATM, Chk2, and Cdc25C. β-actin was used as the normalization control. (B) Intensities of the immunoreactive bands were quantified by densitometric scanning and compared with those of the control (considered “1”). The values shown represent the means ± SD. *<i>P</i><0.05 compared with the solvent-treated control group.</p