Visualization 3.avi

Vertical view of a drop evaporation process on LASH Ti surface, the entire evaporation time is 42 minutes

Visualization 4.avi

Side view of a drop evaporation process on LASH Ti surface, the entire evaporation time is 42 minutes

Visualization 1.avi

Vertical view of a drop evaporation process on original Ti surface, the entire evaporation time is 21 minutes

Visualization 2.avi

Side view of a drop evaporation process on original Ti surface, the entire evaporation time is 21 minutes

Imperceptible and Ultraflexible p‑Type Transistors and Macroelectronics Based on Carbon Nanotubes

Flexible thin-film transistors based on semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes are promising for flexible digital circuits, artificial skins, radio frequency devices, active-matrix-based displays, and sensors due to the outstanding electrical properties and intrinsic mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes. Nevertheless, previous research effort only led to nanotube thin-film transistors with the smallest bending radius down to 1 mm. In this paper, we have realized the full potential of carbon nanotubes by making ultraflexible and imperceptible p-type transistors and circuits with a bending radius down to 40 μm. In addition, the resulted transistors show mobility up to 12.04 cm² V^–1_S^–1, high on–off ratio (∼10⁶), ultralight weight (<3 g/m²), and good mechanical robustness (accommodating severe crumpling and 67% compressive strain). Furthermore, the nanotube circuits can operate properly with 33% compressive strain. On the basis of the aforementioned features, our ultraflexible p-type nanotube transistors and circuits have great potential to work as indispensable components for ultraflexible complementary electronics

Table_1_Causal effects of gut microbiome on hypertension: a Mendelian randomization study.xlsx

BackgroundPrevious observational studies have shown that there is an important relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to examine whether the gut microbiota is causally related to hypertension in order to find a basis for potential diagnostic or intervention approaches for hypertension.MethodsWe obtained significant single nucleotide polymorphisms related to gut microbiota and hypertension from publicly available genome-wide association studies for a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. A total of 18,340 individual genome-wide genotype data were included from 24 population-based cohorts. The inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis is the main analytical method for evaluating causal relationships, and the Mendelian randomization research results have been validated through a series of sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe inverse-variance weighted analysis results indicated that phylum Verrucomicrobia (OR:0.831, 95%CI: 0.710–0.972; p = 0.021), family BacteroidalesS24.7group (OR:0.672, 95%CI: 0.496–0.911; p = 0.01), family Bifidobacteriaceae (OR:0.709, 95%CI:0.569–0.884, p = 0.002), genus Adlercreutzia (OR: 0.991, 95%CI: 0.982–0.999, p = 0.035), genus Phascolarctacterium (OR:0.819, 95%CI:0.685–0.981; p = 0.03), genus LachnospiraceaeNK4A136group (OR:0.990, 95%CI:0.981–0.999; p = 0.025), and genus Ruminococcus2 (OR:0.988, 95%CI: 0.979–0.997; p = 0.008) had protective causal effects on hypertension. The Family Alcaliginaceae (OR:1.011, 95%CI:1.000–1.021, p = 0.04), Genus Anaerostipes (OR:1.375, 95%CI:1.096–1.653; p = 0.025), Genus Collinsella (OR:1.899, 95%CI:1.361–2.348; p = 0.02), and Genus Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 (OR:1.536, 95%CI:1.072–2.202; p = 0.019) were associated with a higher risk of HTN. The reverse Mendelian randomization analysis results showed no reverse causal relationship between HTN and these bacterial taxa.ConclusionOur Mendelian randomization analysis results indicate a potential causal relationship between these bacterial taxa and hypertension, providing a new perspective for the treatment and prevention of hypertension.</p

Optimizing Interfacial Cross-Linking in Graphene-Derived Materials, Which Balances Intralayer and Interlayer Load Transfer

Graphene-derived layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies in the form of films or fibers have recently attracted particular interests owing to their low cost, facile fabrication, and outstanding mechanical properties, which could be further tuned by surface functionalization that cross-links graphene sheets in the assembly. However, this interfacial engineering approach has not yet been finely utilized considering the dual roles of cross-links in modifying the intrinsic properties of graphene sheets and their interlayer interactions. In this work, combining first-principles calculations and continuum-mechanics-based model analysis, we find that the functionalization weakens the intrinsic mechanical resistance of graphene, whereas it enhances interlayer load transfer through interlayer cross-linking. There are optimum cross-linking densities or concentrations of the surface functional groups that maximize the overall tensile stiffness, tensile strength and strain to failure of graphene-derived LbL assemblies, arising from the competition between intralayer and interlayer load-bearing mechanisms, as defined by the type of functionalization and size of graphene sheets. Our work quantifies the ultimate mechanical performance of graphene-derived LbL assemblies, on the condition that their microstructures and functionalization could be adequately controlled in the fabrication process

Table_1_Global, regional, and national burdens of interpersonal violence in young women aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2019: a trend analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019.XLSX

BackgroundInterpersonal violence (IPV) against young women, including physical and sexual violence, poses a major threat to public health. We analyzed global, regional and national trends in violence against females aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2019.MethodsWe extracted age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) of physical violence by firearm (PVF), physical violence by other means (PVOM), physical violence by sharp object (PVSO), and sexual violence (SV) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. Joinpoint regression analysis calculated annual and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in ASPRs.ResultsGlobally, the ASPRs of the four measures of IPV decreased between 1990 and 2019, with the steepest declines between 2000 and 2009, except for SV, which increased slightly. However, the ASPRs of PVF and PVOM increased slightly between 2010 and 2019. Regionally, PVF prevalence declined most in East Asia (−0.9505, −1.0011 to −0.8975), South Asia (−0.277, −0.3089 to −0.244) and Latin America but PVOM prevalence increased in Oceania (0.6275, 0.6036 to 0.6498) and SV prevalence increased in Caribbean (0.4267, 0.4069 to 0.4495). Nationally, PVF prevalence decreased most in Thailand (−2.4031, −2.4634 to −2.3328) but increased most in Libya (6.8143, 6.6194 to 7.0113). SV prevalence increased most in Oman (0.4561, 0.4338 to 0.478) and the largest increase in Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from PVOM was observed in Botswana (6.2725, 6.0951 to 6.4082). DALYs showed similar trends.ConclusionWhile global declines over 30 years are encouraging, IPV against young women persists. Urgent, tailored approaches across sectors are critical to curb drivers of violence against young women, including poverty, inequality and sociocultural attitudes. High-quality data and in-depth analyses can inform locally-relevant solutions. Overall, intensified political will and resource investment are needed to overcome this pervasive human rights violation.</p

Effect of Urinary Protease Inhibitor (Ulinastatin) on Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Meta-Analysis for China and Japan

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of ulinastatin treatment on adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</p><p>Methods</p><p>Seven electronic databases were searched for reports of randomized, controlled trials conducted up to February 2014 in which patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were administered ulinastatin in the perioperative period.</p><p>Results</p><p>Fifty-two studies with 2025 patients were retained for analysis. The results showed that the ulinastatin can attenuate the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Meanwhile, the ulinastatin had a significant beneficial effect on myocardial injury. The mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of biochemical markers were −63.54 (−79.36, −47.72) for lactate dehydrogenase, −224.99 (−304.83, −145.14) for creatine kinase, −8.75 (−14.23, −3.28) for creatine kinase-MB, and −0.14 (−0.20, −0.09] for troponin I (all P<0.01). However, neither hemodynamics nor cardiac function improved significantly, except that the MD and 95% CI of mean arterial pressure were 2.50 (0.19, 4.80) (P = 0.03). There were no statistically significant differences in the use of inotropes, postoperative bleeding, postoperative complications, the intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and the hospital stay; however, the frequency of auto resuscitation increased significantly (OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.19 to 3.30, P<0.01), the duration of intubation (MD −1.58, 95%CI −2.84 to −0.32, P<0.01) and the duration of mechanical ventilation (MD −3.29, 95%CI −4.41 to −2.17, P<0.01) shortened significantly in patients who were treated with ulinastatin.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Ulinastatin can reduce the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and elevate anti-inflammatory cytokine in patients from China and Japan undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Ulinastatin treatment may have protective effects on myocardial injury, and can increase the frequency of auto resuscitation, shorten the duration of intubation and mechanical ventilation.</p></div

Snapshot High Dynamic Range Imaging Based on Adjustable Attenuation Microarray Mask

High Dynamic Range Imaging Based on Attenuation Microarray Mask has broad application prospects due to its good real-time performance and small size. But at the current level of craftsmanship, it is hard to fabricate a micro-attenuation array mask whose attenuation rate is adjustable. This leads to the fact that the imaging dynamic range cannot adapt to changes in scene brightness in most cases. To this end, this paper proposes a novel imaging system where the dynamic range can be adaptively changed according to the brightness of the scene. The core components are the micro polarization array mask mounted on the CMOS surface and the on-sensor rotatable linear polarizer in front of the lens. By controlling the rotation angle of the polarizer placed before the lens, the CMOS pixel exposure can be precisely controlled. Therefore, the imaging system dynamic range can be adjusted adaptively according to the scene brightness. The experimental results show that the imaging performance remains consistently good even when the dynamic range of the scene is large. By rotating the polarizer in front of the lens to a specific angle, the high dynamic imaging of the scene can be significantly improved