Orthogonal Discriminant Diversity and Similarity Preserving Projection for Face Recognition

Feature extraction is a crucial step for face recognition. In this paper, based on supervised local structure and diversity projection (SLSDP), a new feature extraction method called orthogonal discriminant diversity and similarity preserving projection (ODDSPP) is proposed for face recognition. ODDSPP defines two parameterless weighted matrices by taking into account the class label information and local structure. Thus ODDSPP could utilize both the diversity and similarity information of the data simultaneously for dimensionality reduction. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is able to extract the orthogonal discriminant vectors in the feature space and does not suffer from the small sample size problem, which is desirable for many pattern analysis applications. Experimental results on the ORL and AR databases show the effectiveness of the proposed method

Orthogonal Discriminant Diversity and Similarity Preserving Projection for Face Recognition

Feature extraction is a crucial step for face recognition. In this paper, based on supervised local structure and diversity projection (SLSDP), a new feature extraction method called orthogonal discriminant diversity and similarity preserving projection (ODDSPP) is proposed for face recognition. ODDSPP defines two parameterless weighted matrices by taking into account the class label information and local structure. Thus ODDSPP could utilize both the diversity and similarity information of the data simultaneously for dimensionality reduction. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is able to extract the orthogonal discriminant vectors in the feature space and does not suffer from the small sample size problem, which is desirable for many pattern analysis applications. Experimental results on the ORL and AR databases show the effectiveness of the proposed method

Research progress in per- and polyfluoroalkylsubstances （PFASs） exposure and bone health

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） are a new type of persistent organic pollutants with global attention. They have shown multiple toxic effects due to their persistent accumulation in human body through exposure to environmental media such as drinking water， food， atmosphere， and soil. However， the bone toxicity of PFASs has not attracted enough attention. It is believed that the exposure and accumulation of PFASs in human have a significant impact on the bone health， especially hindering the healthy bone development in infants and adolescents， and aggravating the occurrence of bone loss and fracture in the elder populations. This paper will review the research progress of the effects of PFASs exposure on bone health indicators such as bone mineral density， and discuss the mechanisms of PFAS in bone toxicity. This review will provide references for revealing the effects of PFASs exposure on bone health and their toxic mechanisms

Stability determination of candidate reference genes in cucumber plants subjected to stresses from Phytophthora melonis

Stable reference genes are indispensable for ensuring the fidelity of determined gene expression levels. However, the expression levels of reference genes are unable to remain constant under all possible experimental conditions. Therefore, the stability determination of reference genes is necessary in an experimental system set. In the preset study, the stability of nine cucumber candidate reference genes (CsACT, CsUBQ, CsEF1α, CsCYP, CsαTU, CsCACS, CsTIP41, CsYSL8 and CsHEL) subjected to stresses from Phytophthora melonis(P. melonis) were determined using four different analysis methods, including Delta Ct, BestKeeper, NormFinder and GeNorm. The study results revealed that CsUBQ and CsCYP were the most stable genes suitable as internal control in cucumber plants under attack by P. melonis condition

Effect of the Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training in patients with senile vascular dementia complicated with dysphagia

Objective We investigated the effect of the Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training in patients with senile vascular dementia complicated with dysphagia. Methods We randomly classified 214 patients with senile vascular dementia and swallowing dysfunction into a control group (CG, n = 106) and observation group (OG, n = 108). Both groups underwent health education, psychological intervention, and training of the oral muscle group. The OG additionally underwent the Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training. The Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS), China Stroke Scale (CSS), and Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) were used to evaluate dementia, neurological impairment, and cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Results The OG had a higher rate of effective therapy than the CG. After intervention, the OG showed better swallowing function than the CG. At 15 days and 1 month after intervention, the OG had higher video fluoroscopic swallowing exam scores than the CG. The OG had lower serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels than the CG. After intervention, the OG had higher HDS and NCSE scores and lower CSS scores than the CG. Conclusions The Mendelsohn maneuver and swallowing training can improve swallowing function in patients with senile vascular dementia complicated with dysphagia and help to ameliorate the inflammatory response

Subspecific variations of <i>eg1</i> floral plasticity.

<p>(a) Floral plasticity of <i>eg1</i> alleles in two exchanged backgrounds. <i>eg1-1</i> (ZF802>ZH11) and <i>eg1-2</i> (ZH11>ZF802) show <i>eg1-1</i> and <i>eg1-2</i> backcrossed into ZH11 or ZF802 backgrounds, respectively. (b) Floral plasticity of <i>eg1-4</i> in <i>indica</i> Dular background. Statistical analysis of two types of panicles according to rs (Type I and Type II) are shown. (c) Floral plasticity of <i>eg1-5</i> and <i>-6</i> in <i>japonica</i> Nipponbare background. Statistical analysis of the two independent lines are shown. LS Feb, Lingshui Feb. LS Apr, Lingshui Apr. Beijing, Beijing summer. Lingshui, Lingshui winter. Variable phenotypes of spikelets are defined as in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006152#pgen.1006152.s015" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>, and percentages of them in a panicle are shown in the y axis. le, lemma; pa, palea; st, stamen; eg, empty glume; if, inflorescence primordia; sp, smaller pa; lel, lemma-like organ; pl, palea-lemma mosaic organ. Bars = 2 mm. Values are means ± SE, number of analyzed panicles ≥ 5, and significant difference was determined by ANOVA, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.</p

<i>EG1</i> encodes a functional lipase predominately localized in mitochondria.

<p>(a) Co-localization of EG1-GFP or GFP-EG1 fusion protein with mitochondria in rice protoplasts. Mitochondria are marked by dye Mito Tracker Red (MT Red) or MTS-mOrange protein. (b) Localization analysis of EG1-GFP and chloroplasts in rice protoplasts. An <i>EG1-GFP</i> driven by <i>35S</i> or native promoter is shown in the left and right, respectively. Chloroplasts are detected by its auto-fluorescence. Mitochondria are marked by Mito Tracker Red (MT Red). (c) Localization of mitochondrial (<i>35SPro</i>:<i>COX11-GFP</i>) [<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006152#pgen.1006152.ref060" target="_blank">60</a>] (up) and cellular (<i>35SPro</i>:<i>GFP</i>) (bottom) controls of rice protoplasts. DIC, pictures photographed by differential interference contrast microscope. Bar = 10 μm. (d) Subcellular fractionation assay. Mit, mitochondria fraction; Chl, chloroplasts fraction; α-FLAG, antibody of FLAG-EG1; α-AOX1/2 and α-COXII, specific antibodies of mitochondrial proteins AOX1/2 and COXII; α-RbcL and α-PsbA, specific antibodies of chloroplast proteins RbcL and PsbA. (e) Lipase activity of EG1 in vitro with P-nPB as a substrate at 30°C. EG1 (Full) and EG1 (Δ45) respectively refer to fusion proteins of full-length or no N-terminal (45 aa) protein of EG1 and SUMO peptide. DGL and pp lipase (porcine pancreatic lipase) were used as positive controls. Values are means ± SE for three independent experiments.</p