THE LIQUIDATION FEATURES OF ACCIDENTS INVOLVING LARGE-SCALE EMISSIONS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

The principles and requirements to conduction of elimination measures after emergency emissions of the oil products are presented. The device for conduction of local cleaning of soil from the light oil products with their utilization is developed

Prevalence of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in Chinese patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: a cross-sectional study on 653 patients

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and identify predictive factors of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) in Southern Chinese patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Design A cross-sectional study.Setting and participants A total of 653 patients with PAD admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2014 to July 2019.Main outcome measures The degree of carotid stenosis was assessed by Duplex ultrasound and classified as normal (no stenosis), mild (<50% stenosis), moderate (50%–69% stenosis), severe (≥70% stenosis or near occlusion) and total occlusion. Patients with stenosis ≥50% were classified as having significant ACAS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk associated with concomitant factors of ACAS.Results The mean age was 71.5±5.5 years, and 55.9% of the patients were men. Significant ACAS stenosis accounted for 128 (19.6%) cases, including 68 (10.4%) cases of moderate stenosis (50%–69%), 46 (7.0%) cases of severe stenosis (70%–99%) and 14 (2.1%) cases of total occlusion. Multivariable analysis revealed that age ≥70 years (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.18), an ankle brachial index (ABI) ≤0.5 (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.55), an ABI ≤0.4 (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.47 to 10.06) and Fontaine stage IV (OR 4.53, 95% CI 1.47 to 13.88) are predictive factors of significant ACAS.Conclusion The prevalence of significant ACAS (stenosis ≥50%) in patients with PAD was approximately 19.6%. Significant ACAS was more common in patients with PAD older than 70 years, particularly in patients with an ABI <0.5 and those classified as Fontaine stage IV. Selective carotid screening may be more worthwhile in these high-risk patients with PAD

ПРИНЦИПИ РОЗРОБКИ ЛІКВІДАЦІЙНИХ ЗАХОДІВ ПРИ АВАРІЙНИХ РОЗЛИВАХ НА ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИХ МАГІСТРАЛЯХ

The principles and requirements to development of elimination measures after emergency emissions of dangerous freights are considered. The structure and mechanism of interaction of state and departmental divisions on elimination of accident aftermaths are presented.Рассмотрены принципы и требования к разработке ликвидационных мероприятий при аварийных эмиссиях опасных грузов. Приводится структура и механизм взаимодействия государственных и ведомственных подразделений по ликвидации последствий аварий.Розглянуто принципи та вимоги до розробки ліквідаційних заходів при аварійних емісіях небезпечних вантажів. Наведено структуру та механізм взаємодії відомчих та державних підрозділів з ліквідації наслідків аварій

THE DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF LIQUIDATION ACTIVITIES OF SPILLS ON THE RAILWAY LINES

The principles and requirements to development of elimination measures after emergency emissions of dangerous freights are considered. The structure and mechanism of interaction of state and departmental divisions on elimination of accident aftermaths are presented

Protective Effects of Sonic Hedgehog Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mouse Skeletal Muscle via AKT/mTOR/p70S6K Signaling

Background/Aims: Skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common and severe disease. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a critical role in post-natal skeletal muscle regeneration. In the present study, the role of Shh in skeletal muscle I/R injury and the mechanisms involved were investigated. Methods: The expression of Shh, AKT/mTOR/p70S6K and apoptosis pathway components were evaluated following tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle I/R injury. Then, mice were subjected to systemic administration of cyclopamine or one-shot treatment of a plasmid encoding the human Shh gene (phShh) to examine the effects of Shh on I/R injury. Moreover, mice were subjected to systemic administration of NVP-BEZ235 to investigate the role of the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in Shh-triggered skeletal muscle protection. Results: We found that the levels of Shh, AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway components and Cleaved Caspase 3 and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio initially increased and then decreased at different time points post-I/R injury. Moreover, Shh protected skeletal muscle against I/R injury by alleviating muscle destruction, reducing interstitial fibrosis and inhibiting apoptosis, and these protective effects were abrogated when the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway was inhibited. Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggest that Shh signaling exerts a protective role through the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway during skeletal muscle I/R injury. Thus, Shh signaling may be a therapeutic target for protecting skeletal muscle from I/R injury

Analysis on biometric measurements of Lenstar 900 in difference degrees of axial myopia

AIM: To measure ocular biometric values with the degree of axial myopia and determine the relationship between the differences using the Lenstar 900. METHODS:Totally 413 myopes(826 eyes)were enrolled in this study and were divided into 3 groups: low myopia(myopia 6.00 diopters, 222 eyes). Central corneal thickness(CCT), aqueous depth(AD), lens thickness(LT), axial length(AL)were measured by Lenstar 900. The parameters were tested using analysis of variance and the relations among SE, AL, LT were analyzed. RESULTS: There were significant difference both in AL(F=206.16, PF=4.764, PPerson, the Spherical equivalent(SE)shows a significantly positive correlation with AL(r=0.662, Pr=0.095, Pr=0.347, Pr=0.126, Pr=-0.265, Pr=-0.496, PCONCLUSION: Along with the diopters increasing in myopia, the axial length and aqueous depth continue to increase. Spherical equivalent(SE)shows a significantly positive correlation with AD. AL shows positive correlation with SE, AD and CCT and negative correlation with LT. LT shows a significantly negative correlation with AD

Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of 68 patients with spontaneous iliac vein rupture: A case report and systematic review

Objective: Spontaneous iliac vein rupture (SIVR) is a rare but life-threatening condition with limited understanding regarding its clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and risk factors for mortality. This study aims to address this gap by providing comprehensive insights into SIVR through personal case reports and a systematic review of previous cases. Methods: We detail a case of right SIVR caused by inappropriate positioning of the stent in the inferior vena cava and systematically reviewed previous cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for mortality. Results: Our SIVR case was successfully managed with percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy and covered stent placement. In the systematic review, 68 patients were included in the analysis with an average age of 62.01 ± 13.25 years; 86.76% were female, 91.17% had left iliac vein rupture, 55.88% presented hemodynamic instability, 76.47% had lower abdomen or iliac fossa pain, 67.64% had deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and 32.35% had May‒Thurner syndrome (MTS). The mortality rates of conservative treatment and open surgery were 2.94% and 17.65%, respectively. All 12 patients receiving endovascular treatment survived. The factors associated with a worse outcome were younger age (52.86 ± 12.96 years, OR: 1.085, 95% CI: 1.002–1.174) and SIVR patients without DVT (OR:10.111, 95% CI: 1.637–62.443). Conclusion: This first systematic review on SIVR shows that SIVR should be highly suspected in elderly females who develop lower extremity DVT and concurrent lower abdominal pain, particularly those with a retroperitoneal mass and unstable hemodynamics. Thrombosis secondary to MTS may be the main cause of SIVR. Angiography and endovascular therapy should be prioritized for DVT patients with unexplained retroperitoneal hematoma. This study classifies SIVR into two types: iliac vein rupture alone and iliac vein rupture with DVT. These findings provide critical insights for clinicians to accurately diagnose and manage SIVR, thereby improving patient outcomes

Post-surgery interventions for hip fracture: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background Interventions provided after hip fracture surgery have been shown to reduce mortality and improve functional outcomes. While some systematic studies have evaluated the efficacy of post-surgery interventions, there lacks a systematically rigorous examination of all the post-surgery interventions which allows healthcare providers to easily identify post-operative interventions most pertinent to patient’s recovery. Objectives We aim to provide an overview of the available evidence on post-surgery interventions provided in the acute, subacute and community settings to improve outcomes for patients with hip fractures. Methods We performed a systematic literature review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We included articles that were (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (2) involved post-surgery interventions that were conducted in the acute, subacute or community settings and (3) conducted among older patients above 65 years old with any type of non-pathological hip fracture that was surgically treated, and who were able to walk without assistance prior to the fracture. We excluded (1) non–English language articles, (2) abstract-only publications, (3) articles with only surgical interventions, (4) articles with interventions that commenced pre-surgery or immediately upon completion of surgery or blood transfusion, (5) animal studies. Due to the large number of RCTs identified, we only included “good quality” RCTs with Jadad score ≥ 3 for data extraction and synthesis. Results Our literature search has identified 109 good quality RCTs on post-surgery interventions for patients with fragility hip fractures. Among the 109 RCTs, 63% of the identified RCTs (n = 69) were related to rehabilitation or medication/nutrition supplementation, with the remaining RCTs focusing on osteoporosis management, optimization of clinical management, prevention of venous thromboembolism, fall prevention, multidisciplinary approaches, discharge support, management of post-operative anemia as well as group learning and motivational interviewing. For the interventions conducted in inpatient and outpatient settings investigating medication/nutrition supplementation, all reported improvement in outcomes (ranging from reduced postoperative complications, reduced length of hospital stay, improved functional recovery, reduced mortality rate, improved bone mineral density and reduced falls), except for a study investigating anabolic steroids. RCTs involving post-discharge osteoporosis care management generally reported improved osteoporosis management except for a RCT investigating multidisciplinary post-fracture clinic led by geriatrician with physiotherapist and occupational therapist. The trials investigating group learning and motivational interviewing also reported positive outcome respectively. The other interventions yielded mixed results. The interventions in this review had minor or no side effects reported. Conclusions The identified RCTs regarding post-surgery interventions were heterogeneous in terms of type of interventions, settings and outcome measures. Combining interventions across inpatient and outpatient settings may be able to achieve better outcomes such as improved physical function recovery and improved nutritional status recovery. For example, nutritional supplementation could be made available for patients who have undergone hip fracture surgery in the inpatient settings, followed by post-discharge outpatient osteoporosis care management. The findings from this review can aid in clinical practice by allowing formulation of thematic program with combination of interventions as part of bundled care to improve outcome for patients who have undergone hip fracture surgery

S100A9 aggravates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage via inducing neuroinflammation and inflammasome activation

Summary: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a stroke subtype with high mortality, and its severity is closely related to the short-term prognosis of SAH patients. S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) has been shown to be associated with some neurological diseases. In this study, the concentration of S100A9 in clinical cerebrospinal fluid samples was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relationship between S100A9 and the prognosis of patients was explored. In addition, WT mice and S100A9 knockout mice were used to establish an in vivo SAH model. Neurological scores, brain water content, and histopathological staining were performed after a specified time. A co-culture model of BV2 and HT22 cells was treated with heme chloride to establish an in vitro SAH model. Our study confirmed that the expression of S100A9 protein in the CSF of SAH patients is increased, and it is related to the short-term prognosis of SAH patients. S100A9 protein is highly expressed in microglia in the central nervous system. S100A9 gene knockout significantly improved neurological function scores and reduced neuronal apoptosis. S100A9 protein can activate TLR4 receptor, promote nuclear transcription of NF-κB, increase the activation of inflammatory body, and ultimately aggravate nerve injury