Protein Evolution in Yeast Transcription Factor Subnetworks

When averaged over the full yeast protein–protein interaction and transcriptional regulatory networks, protein hubs with many interaction partners or regulators tend to evolve significantly more slowly due to increased negative selection. However, genome-wide analysis of protein evolution in the subnetworks of associations involving yeast transcription factors (TFs) reveals that TF hubs do not tend to evolve significantly more slowly than TF non-hubs. This result holds for all four major types of TF hubs: interaction hubs, regulatory in-degree and out-degree hubs, as well as co-regulatory hubs that jointly regulate target genes with many TFs. Furthermore, TF regulatory in-degree hubs tend to evolve significantly more quickly than TF non-hubs. Most importantly, the correlations between evolutionary rate (KA/KS) and degrees for TFs are significantly more positive than those for generic proteins within the same global protein–protein interaction and transcriptional regulatory networks. Compared to generic protein hubs, TF hubs operate at a higher level in the hierarchical structure of cellular networks, and hence experience additional evolutionary forces (relaxed negative selection or positive selection through network rewiring). The striking difference between the evolution of TF hubs and generic protein hubs demonstrates that components within the same global network can be governed by distinct organizational and evolutionary principles.National Natural Science Foundation of China (10801131, 10631070); National Science Foundation (DGE-0654108); Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Foundation (Research Starter Grant in Informatics); K. C. Wong Education Foundatio

Negative entanglement measure for bipartite separable mixed states

We define a negative entanglement measure for separable states which shows that how much entanglement one should compensate the unentangled state at least for changing it into an entangled state. For two-qubit systems and some special classes of states in higher-dimensional systems, the explicit formula and the lower bounds for the negative entanglement measure have been presented, and it always vanishes for bipartite separable pure states. The negative entanglement measure can be used as a useful quantity to describe the entanglement dynamics and the quantum phase transition. In the transverse Ising model, the first derivatives of negative entanglement measure diverge on approaching the critical value of the quantum phase transition, although these two-site reduced density matrices have no entanglement at all. In the 1D Bose-Hubbard model, the NEM as a function of $t/U$ changes from zero to negative on approaching the critical point of quantum phase transition.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

基于混沌理论探讨太极拳运动对高血压的防治作用

In this paper,review and analysis of  the fluctuations of blood pressure and pathogenesis of hypertension were presented a review and analysed based on chaos theory. At the same time, we interpreted philosophically the special concept of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of prevention and treatment of Tai Chi Chuan on hypertension was reviewed on the basis of clinical research literature.本文运用混沌理论对血压波动和高血压的发生机制进行了简单的回顾与分析，同时对太极拳运动的特殊理念进行了哲学阐释。在此基础上结合临床研究文献进一步综述了太极拳防治高血压的可能机制

Discussing the generalized model of cerebral infarction based on the perforating artery-neural tissue units

本文对穿支动脉的概念进行了新的认识，并对穿支动脉病的内涵进行了推广，进而提出了以穿支动脉-神经组织单元为脑梗死基本病变单位的医学假设，有助于引发对脑梗死模式分型的新的思考。本文突破常规的思维模式，基于穿支动脉病变单元对经典脑梗死模式分型进行了再解析，将脑梗死模式分为单穿支动脉病、多穿支动脉病、泛穿支动脉病三类。该分型有助于从新的视角认识脑梗死的形成，并有助于将脑梗死影像学模式特征蕴含的信息用于指导脑梗死的病因分型、发病机制的把握和治疗方案的选择。 This paper anatomizes the definition of perforating artery disease, and generalizes the connotation of perforating artery. Then a medical hypothesis is proposed that the perforating artery-neural tissue units can be regarded as basic unit for the formation of cerebral infarction, which contributes to arouse new thinking of cerebral infarction model. This paper breaks through conventional mode of thinking and analyzes the models of cerebral infarction based on the perforating artery-neural tissue units. The models of cerebral infarction were finally classified into three categories: single-perforating artery disease, multi-perforating artery disease and extensive-perforating artery disease. This classification would contribute to understand the formation of cerebral infarction from a new perspective, and to use the characteristics information of cerebral infarction image model to guide the etiology classification of cerebral infarction, pathogenesis understanding and treatment options

发病3h DWI阴性的后循环梗死1例：基底动脉过度弯曲并血栓形成及文献复习

Objective: The role of the basilar artery morphological abnormalities (BAMA) in the pathogenesis of posterior circulation infarction (PCI) was summarized and analyzed based on the main line of the diagnosis and treatment of the basilar artery excessive bending combined with thrombus formation. The experience and lessons in this process was summarized which could provide reference and warning for further clinical diagnosis and treatment.  Methods: This paper described a rare case of DWI-negative PCI 3 hours after onset in a young man as well as its whole process of diagnosis and treatment and the literature of the BAMA was reviewed and summarized.  Results: This patient was diagnosed as basilar artery excessive bending combined with thrombosis by CTA, but eventually died of brain stem failure despite receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy. Conclusion: BAMA should be fully taken into account in the pathogenesis of PCI. The clinical significance of vascular evaluation in patients with PCI and isolated vertigo should be paid enough attention to and the understanding of the clinical significance of the results of this assessment should be broadened in the clinical practice. 目的 以基底动脉过度弯曲并血栓形成病例的诊断治疗为主线，总结和分析了基底动脉形态异常在后循环梗死发病机制中的作用。总结病例的诊治经验训，为以后的临床诊疗提供一定的借鉴价值和警示意义。方法 本文描述了1例罕见的发病后3h DWI仍未显示病灶的后循环梗死的年轻患者诊断和治疗的全过程，并对基底动脉形态异常的相关文献进行回顾分析和总结。结果 本例患者通过头CTA确诊为基底动脉过度弯曲并血栓形成，虽经静脉溶栓治疗，但最终死于脑干功能衰竭。结论 后循环缺血的发病机制应该将基底动脉形态异常这一因素充分考虑在内。在临床上，对于后循环缺血及孤立性眩晕患者血管评估的临床意义应该给予足够的关注并拓宽对这一评估结果临床意义的认识

Blind separation of cyclostationary signals from instantaneous mixtures

This paper presents a new approach for blind separation of unknown cyclostationary signals from instantaneous mixtures. The proposed method can perfectly separate the mixed source signals so long as they have either different cyclic frequencies or clock phases. This is a weaker condition than those required by the algorithms. The separation criterion is to diagonalize a polynomial matrix whose coefficient matrices consist of the correlation and cyclic correlation matrices, at time delay &tau;=0, of multiple measurements. <br /