Discovering the structure and organization of a free Cantonese emotion-label word association graph to understand mental lexicons of emotions

Emotions are not necessarily universal across different languages and cultures. Mental lexicons of emotions depend strongly on contextual factors, such as language and culture. The Chinese language has unique linguistic properties that are different from other languages. As a main variant of Chinese, Cantonese has some emotional expressions that are only used by Cantonese speakers. Previous work on Chinese emotional vocabularies focused primarily on Mandarin. However, little is known about Cantonese emotion vocabularies. This is important since both language variants might have distinct emotional expressions, despite sharing the same writing system. To explore the structure and organization of Cantonese-label emotion words, we selected 79 highly representative emotion cue words from an ongoing large-scale Cantonese word association study (SWOW-HK). We aimed to identify the categories of these emotion words and non-emotion words that related to emotion concepts. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to generate word clusters and investigate the underlying emotion dimensions. As the cluster quality was low in hierarchical clustering, we further constructed an emotion graph using a network approach to explore how emotions are organized in the Cantonese mental lexicon. With the support of emotion knowledge, the emotion graph defined more distinct emotion categories. The identified network communities covered basic emotions such as love, happiness, and sadness. Our results demonstrate that mental lexicon graphs constructed from free associations of Cantonese emotion-label words can reveal fine categories of emotions and their relevant concepts

Medium-term Outcomes of Myocarditis and Pericarditis following BNT162b2 Vaccination among Adolescents in Hong Kong

In this study, we examined the clinical and electrophysiological outcomes of adolescents in Hong Kong who developed myocarditis or pericarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination for COVID-19, and followed-up for 60 to 180 days after their initial diagnosis. Clinical assessments included electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram at the initial admission and follow-up were compared. Treadmill testing was also performed in some cases. Between 14 June 2021 and 16 February 2022, 53 subjects were approached to participate in this follow-up study, of which 28 patients were followed up for >60 days with a median follow-up period of 100 days (range, 61-178 days) and were included in this study. On admission, 23 patients had ECG abnormalities but no high-grade atrioventricular block. Six patients had echocardiogram abnormalities, including reduced contractility, small rim pericardial effusions, and hyperechoic ventricular walls. All patients achieved complete recovery on follow-up. After discharge, 10 patients (35.7%) reported symptoms, including occasional chest pain, shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance, and recurrent vasovagal near-syncope. At follow-up, assessments, including ECGs, were almost all normal. Among the three patients with possible ECG abnormalities, all their echocardiograms or treadmill testings were normal. Sixteen patients (57.1%) underwent treadmill testing at a median of 117 days post-admission, which were also normal. However, at follow-up, there was a significant mean bodyweight increase of 1.81kg (95%CI 0.47-3.1 kg, p=0.01), possibly due to exercise restriction. In conclusion, most adolescents experiencing myocarditis and pericarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination achieved complete recovery. Some patients developed non-specific persistent symptoms, and bodyweight changes shall be monitored

Recent Advances in Rare Earth Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications in Polymerization

N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are ubiquitous ancillary ligands employed in metal-catalyzed homogeneous reactions and polymerization reactions. Of significance is the use of NHCs as the supporting ligand in second- and third-generation Grubbs catalysts for their application in olefin metathesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. While the applications of transition metal catalysts ligated with NHCs in polymerization chemistry are well-documented, the use of analogous rare earth (Ln = Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) catalysts in this area remains under-developed, despite the unique role of rare earth elements in regio- and stereo-specific (co)polymerization reactions. By using hetero-atom-tethered chelating NHCs and, more recently, the employment of other structurally related NHCs, NHC-ligated Ln complexes have proven to be promising and fruitful catalysts for selective polymerization reactions. This review summarizes the recent developments in the coordination chemistry of Ln complexes containing NHCs and their catalytic performance in polymerization

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among ethnic minorities in Hong Kong

Ethnic minorities account for 8% of the Hong Kong population, most are Filipino and Indonesian domestic helpers taking care of children and the elderly. To understand the COVID-19 vaccination rates and factors associated with vaccine acceptance of ethnic minorities, we performed a cross-sectional questionnaire study recruiting Hong Kong ethnic minorities aged ≥18 years between 1 July and 18 July 2021 in public areas. Demographics, knowledge about COVID-19, vaccination status, intention and reasons to receive the vaccine, and planning to be re-vaccinated were analyzed. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using unpaired t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Potential confounders were adjusted using multiple logistic regression. 2,012 ethnic minorities participated, with a mean age of 39 years, of which 97.6% were female, 79.5% were Filipino, and 17.5% were Indonesian. 80.6% of participants were categorized as vaccine acceptance, and 69.2% were willing to be re-vaccinated. There were significantly more Filipinos than Indonesians in the vaccine acceptance group (p < .001). Subjects in the vaccine acceptance group were more likely to have higher education (p < .001), a higher COVID-19 knowledge score (p < .001), received information from the Government website (p = .003) and not from their friends or family members (p = .02), and were more confident in judging the accuracy of the information (p < .001). Logistic regression showed the mean knowledge score (β = 3.07, p < .001) and receiving information from official Government websites (adjusted OR = 1.37, p = .03) were significant factors that positively influenced vaccine acceptance. The Hong Kong Government should improve COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among ethnic minorities through public education using official channels

Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2021 Dataset (Joint EVS/WVS)

The European Values Study (EVS) and the World Values Survey (WVS) are two large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research programmes. They include a large number of questions on moral, religious, social, political, occupational and family values which have been replicated since the early eighties. Both organizations agreed to cooperate in joint data collection from 2017. EVS has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in European countries, using the EVS questionnaire and EVS methodological guidelines. WVSA has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in countries in the world outside Europe, using the WVS questionnaire and WVS methodological guidelines. Both organisations developed their draft master questionnaires independently. The joint items define the Common Core of both questionnaires. The Joint EVS/WVS is constructed from the two EVS and WVS source datasets: - European Values Study 2017 Integrated Dataset (EVS 2017), ZA7500 Data file Version 4.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13560 (https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13560). - European Values Study 2017: Ukraine (EVS 2017), ZA7539 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13714 (https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13714). - World Values Survey: Round Seven–Country-Pooled Datafile. Version 2.0.0, doi: 10.14281/18241.13 (https://doi.org/10.14281/18241.13).The European Values Study (EVS) and the World Values Survey (WVS) are two large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research programmes. They include a large number of questions on moral, religious, social, political, occupational and family values which have been replicated since the early eighties. Both organizations agreed to cooperate in joint data collection from 2017. EVS has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in European countries, using the EVS questionnaire and EVS methodological guidelines. WVSA has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in countries in the world outside Europe, using the WVS questionnaire and WVS methodological guidelines. Both organisations developed their draft master questionnaires independently. The joint items define the Common Core of both questionnaires. The Joint EVS/WVS is constructed from the two EVS and WVS source datasets: - European Values Study 2017 Integrated Dataset (EVS 2017), ZA7500 Data file Version 4.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13560 (https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13560). - European Values Study 2017: Ukraine (EVS 2017), ZA7539 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13714 (https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13714). - World Values Survey: Round Seven–Country-Pooled Datafile. Version 2.0.0, doi: 10.14281/18241.13 (https://doi.org/10.14281/18241.13)

Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022 Dataset (Joint EVS/WVS)

1. Lebenswahrnehmung: Bedeutung von Familie, Freunden, Freizeit, Politik, Arbeit und Religion; Gl&uuml;cksgef&uuml;hl; Selbsteinsch&auml;tzung des Gesundheitszustandes; Lebenszufriedenheit; interne oder externe Kontrolle; Bedeutung von Bildungszielen: erw&uuml;nschte Eigenschaften von Kindern; Mitgliedschaft in freiwilligen Organisationen (religi&ouml;se Organisationen, kulturelle Aktivit&auml;ten, Gewerkschaften, politische Parteien oder Gruppen, Naturschutz, Umwelt, &Ouml;kologie, Tierrechte, Berufsverb&auml;nde, Sport, Erholung, Verbrauchergruppen oder andere Gruppen); Mitgliedschaft in humanit&auml;ren oder karitativen Organisationen, Selbsthilfegruppen oder gegenseitige Hilfe; Toleranz gegen&uuml;ber Minderheiten (Menschen einer anderen Rasse, starke Trinker, Immigranten/Ausl&auml;nder, Drogenabh&auml;ngige, Homosexuelle - soziale Distanz); Vertrauen in Menschen; Schutz der Umwelt vs. wirtschaftliches Wachstum. 2. Arbeit: Einstellung zur Arbeit (Menschen, die nicht arbeiten, werden faul, Arbeit ist eine Pflicht gegen&uuml;ber der Gesellschaft, die Arbeit steht immer an erster Stelle); Arbeit ist knapp: M&auml;nner sollten mehr Recht auf einen Arbeitsplatz haben als Frauen (3-Punkte-Skala und 5-Punkte-Skala), Arbeitgeber sollten Menschen (der Nation) Vorrang vor Einwanderern geben (3-Punkte-Skala und 5-Punkte-Skala). 3. Religion und Moral: Religionszugeh&ouml;rigkeit; derzeitige H&auml;ufigkeit des Besuchs von Gottesdiensten; H&auml;ufigkeit des Gebets (WVS7); au&szlig;erhalb der Gottesdienste zu Gott beten (EVS5); Selbsteinsch&auml;tzung der Religiosit&auml;t; Glaube an Gott, Leben nach dem Tod, H&ouml;lle und Himmel; Bedeutung Gottes im eigenen Leben; moralische Einstellungen (Skala: Inanspruchnahme staatlicher Leistungen ohne Anspruch, Umgehung von Fahrgeldern in &ouml;ffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln, Steuerbetrug, Annahme von Bestechungsgeldern, Homosexualit&auml;t, Prostitution, Abtreibung, Scheidung, Euthanasie, Selbstmord, Gelegenheitssex, politische Gewalt, Todesstrafe). 4. Familie: Einstellung zum traditionellen Verst&auml;ndnis der eigenen Rolle von Mann und Frau in Beruf und Familie (Geschlechterrollen); homosexuelle Paare sind genauso gute Eltern wie andere Paare; Pflicht gegen&uuml;ber der Gesellschaft, Kinder zu haben; es ist die Pflicht des Kindes, sich um den kranken Elternteil zu k&uuml;mmern; eines der Hauptziele im Leben ist es, die eigenen Eltern stolz zu machen. 5. Politik und Gesellschaft: wichtigste Ziele des Landes f&uuml;r die n&auml;chsten zehn Jahre (erste Wahl, zweite Wahl), Ziele des Befragten (erste Wahl, zweite Wahl)); postmaterialistischer Index 4; Bereitschaft, f&uuml;r das Land zu k&auml;mpfen; Erwartungen an die zuk&uuml;nftige Entwicklung (weniger Bedeutung von Arbeit und gr&ouml;&szlig;erer Respekt vor Autorit&auml;t); politisches Interesse; politische Partizipation (politische Aktion: Unterzeichnung einer Petition, Teilnahme an Boykotten, Teilnahme an rechtm&auml;&szlig;igen/friedlichen Demonstrationen, Teilnahme an inoffiziellen Streiks); politische Selbsteinstufung; gleiches Einkommen vs. Anreize f&uuml;r individuelle Anstrengung; privates vs. staatliches Eigentum an Unternehmen und Industrie; individuelle vs. staatliche Verantwortung f&uuml;r die Versorgung; Wettbewerb ist gut vs. sch&auml;dlich f&uuml;r die Menschen; Vertrauen in Institutionen (Kirchen, Streitkr&auml;fte, Presse, Gewerkschaften, Polizei, Parlament, &ouml;ffentliche Dienste, gro&szlig;e regionale Organisationen (kombiniert aus l&auml;nderspezifischen), die Europ&auml;ische Union, die Regierung, die politischen Parteien, Gro&szlig;unternehmen, die Umweltschutzbewegung, Justiz/Gerichte, die Vereinten Nationen); Zufriedenheit mit dem politischen System des Landes; bevorzugte Art des politischen Systems (starker F&uuml;hrer, Expertenentscheidungen, Armee sollte das Land regieren, oder Demokratie); Partei, f&uuml;r die der Befragte stimmen w&uuml;rde: erste Wahl (WVS); politische Partei mit der gr&ouml;&szlig;ten Anziehungskraft (ISO 3166-1) (EVS5); wesentliche Merkmale der Demokratie; Bedeutung der Demokratie f&uuml;r den Befragten; Bewertung der Demokratie im eigenen Land; Stimmabgabe bei Wahlen auf lokaler und nationaler Ebene; Bewertung der Wahlen im eigenen Land (Stimmen werden fair ausgez&auml;hlt, Oppositionskandidaten werden an der Kandidatur gehindert, Fernsehnachrichten beg&uuml;nstigen die Regierungspartei, W&auml;hler werden bestochen, Journalisten sorgen f&uuml;r eine faire Berichterstattung &uuml;ber die Wahlen, Wahlbeamte sind fair, Reiche kaufen Wahlen, W&auml;hler werden mit Gewalt an den Urnen bedroht); Meinung &uuml;ber das Recht der Regierung zur Video&uuml;berwachung von Menschen in &ouml;ffentlichen Bereichen, alle E-Mails und alle anderen im Internet ausgetauschten Informationen zu &uuml;berwachen, Informationen &uuml;ber jeden, der im Land lebt ohne dessen Wissen zu sammeln. 6. Nationale Identit&auml;t: Vertrauen in Menschen aus verschiedenen Gruppen (Familie, Nachbarschaft, pers&ouml;nlich bekannte Personen, Menschen, denen man zum ersten Mal begegnet, Menschen einer anderen Religion und Menschen einer anderen Nationalit&auml;t); Staatsb&uuml;rger des Landes; Nationalstolz; Bewertung der Auswirkungen von Einwanderern auf die Entwicklung des Landes; geographische Gruppe, der sich der Befragte zugeh&ouml;rig f&uuml;hlt (Kontinent, z.B. Europa, Asien usw., Welt, Dorf, Stadt, Landkreis, Region, Bezirk, Land). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; umkodiertes Alter (6 Intervalle und 3 Intervalle); Befragter ist Einwanderer/ im Befragungsland geboren; Geburtsland (ISO 3166-1-Code, ISO 3166-1/3 Alpha-Code); h&ouml;chster Bildungsgrad (ISCED-Code einstellig); h&ouml;chster Bildungsgrad (umkodiert); Erwerbsstatus; Institution des Berufs; Beruf/Branche (2-stellig ISCO08) (EVS5); Berufsgruppe (WVS7); Familienstand; Anzahl der Kinder; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt (Haushaltsgr&ouml;&szlig;e); Zusammenleben mit den Eltern; Einkommensskala (WVS7), Einkommensskala (EVS5). Informationen &uuml;ber den Partner/Ehepartner: h&ouml;chster Bildungsgrad (ISCED-Code einstellig); h&ouml;chster Bildungsgrad (rekodiert); Erwerbsstatus; Beruf/Branche (2-stellig ISCO08) (EVS5); Berufsgruppe (WVS7). Informationen &uuml;ber die Eltern der Befragten: im Land geborener Vater und im Land geborene Mutter; Geburtsland von Vater und Mutter (ISO 3166-1-Code, ISO 3166-1/3-Alpha-Code); h&ouml;chster Bildungsgrad von Vater und Mutter (ISCED-Code einstellig); h&ouml;chster Bildungsgrad von Vater und Mutter (umkodiert); Berufsgruppe des Vaters des Befragten (EVS5-Hauptverdiener) (Befragter 14 Jahre alt). Interviewerbewertung: Interesse des Befragten w&auml;hrend des Interviews. Zus&auml;tzlich kodiert: Studie; Welle; Version des Joint EVS/WVS; Version der EVS5- und WVS7-Quelldateien; Quelle des Joint EVS/WVS; einheitliche Befragtennummer (Joint); Interviewer-Nummer; L&auml;ndercode (ISO 3166-1 Numerischer Code und ISO 3166-1 Alpha-2-Code); Land (CoW Numerischer Code); Erhebungsjahr; Jahr/Monat des Beginns der Feldarbeit; Jahr/Monat des Endes der Feldarbeit; Land - Jahr; Modus der Datenerhebung; gemischter Modus/Matrixdesign (EVS5); Modus der Datenerhebung (Follow-up) (EVS5); Matrixattribution (Gruppe/Variablenblock) (EVS5); Jahr/Monat des Beginns der Feldarbeit (Matrixdesign) (EVS5); Jahr/Monat des Endes der Feldarbeit (Matrixdesign) (EVS5); Erhebungsjahr (Follow-up) (EVS5); Gesamtl&auml;nge des Interviews (Startstunde und Startminute, Endstunde und Endminute); Datum des Interviews; Datum des Interviews (Follow-up) (EVS5); Zeit des Interviews - Beginn (konstruiert) (Follow-up) (EVS5); Zeit des Interviews - Ende (konstruiert) (Follow-up) (EVS5); Sprache des Interviews (WVS/EVS-Sprachenliste); Sprache des Interviews (ISO 639-1 alpha-2 / 639-2 alpha 3); Gewichtungsfaktoren (Kalibrierungsgewichte, Gewicht der Bev&ouml;lkerungsgr&ouml;&szlig;e, &auml;quilibriertes Gewicht - 1000); Region, in der das Interview durchgef&uuml;hrt wurde (NUTS-1); Region, in der das Interview durchgef&uuml;hrt wurde (NUTS-2); Region, in der das Interview durchgef&uuml;hrt wurde (ISO); Gr&ouml;&szlig;e der Stadt, in der das Interview durchgef&uuml;hrt wurde (5 Kategorien).,1. Perceptions of life: importance of family, friends, leisure time, politics, work, and religion; feeling of happiness; self-assessment of state of health; satisfaction with life; internal or external control; importance of educational goals: desirable qualities of children; membership in voluntary organisations (religious organisations, cultural activities, trade unions, political parties or groups, conservation, environment, ecology, animal rights, professional associations, sports, recreation, consumer groups, or other groups); membership in humanitarian or charitable organisation, self-help group or mutual aid; tolerance towards minorities (people of a different race, heavy drinkers, immigrants/ foreign workers, drug addicts, homosexuals - social distance); trust in people; protecting the environment vs. economic growth. 2. Work: attitude towards work (people who don&rsquo;t work turn lazy, work is a duty towards society, work always comes first); job scarce: men should have more right to a job than women (3-point scale and 5-point scale), employers should give priority to (nation) people than immigrants (3-point scale and 5-point scale). 3. Religion and morale: religious denomination; current frequency of religious services attendance; frequency of prayer (WVS7); pray to God outside of religious services (EVS5); self-assessment of religiousness; belief in God, life after death, hell, and heaven; importance of God in one&acute;s life; morale attitudes (scale: claiming government benefits without entitlement, avoiding a fare on public transport, cheating on taxes, accepting a bribe, homosexuality, prostitution, abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide, having casual sex, political violence, death penalty). 4. Family: attitude towards traditional understanding of one&acute;s role of man and woman in occupation and family (gender roles); homosexual couples are as good parents as other couples; duty towards society to have children; it is child&acute;s duty to take care of ill parent; one of main goals in life has been to make own parents proud. 5. Politics and society: most important aims of the country for the next ten years (first choice, second choice), aims of the respondent (first choice, second choice)); post-materialist index 4-item; willingness to fight for the country; expectation of future development (less importance placed on work and greater respect for authority); political interest; political participation (political action: signing a petition, joining in boycotts, attending lawful/ peaceful demonstrations, joining unofficial strikes); self positioning in political scale; equal incomes vs. incentives for individual effort; private vs. state ownership of business and industry; individual vs. government responsibility for providing; competition good vs. harmful for people; confidence in institutions (churches, armed forces, the press, labour unions, the police, parliament, the civil services, major regional organisations (combined from country-specific), the European Union, the government, the political parties, major companies, the environmental protection movement, justice system/ courts, the United Nations); satisfaction with the political system in the country; preferred type of political system (strong leader, expert decisions, army should rule the country, or democracy); party the respondent would vote for: first choice (WVS); political party with the most appeal (ISO 3166-1) (EVS5); essential characteristics of democracy; importance of democracy for the respondent; rating democracy in own country; vote in elections on local level and on national level; assessment of country&acute;s elections (votes are counted fairly, opposition candidates are prevented from running, TV news favors the governing party, voters are bribed, journalists provide fair coverage of elections, election officials are fair, rich people buy elections, voters are threatened with violence at the polls); opinion on the government&acute;s right to keep people under video surveillance in public areas, to monitor all e-mails and any other information exchanged on the Internet, to collect information about anyone living in the country without their knowledge. 6. National Identity: trust in people from various groups (family, neighborhood, personally known people, people you meet for the first time, people of another religion, and people of another nationality); citizen of the country; national pride; evaluation of the impact of immigrants on the country&acute;s development; geographical group the respondent feels belonging to (continent, e.g. Europe, Asia etc., world, village, town or city, county, region, district, country). Demography: sex; age; age recoded (6 intervals and 3 intervals); respondent immigrant/ born in the country of interview; country of birth (ISO 3166-1 code, ISO 3166-1/3 Alpha code); highest educational level (ISCED-code one digit); highest educational level (recoded); employment status; Institution of occupation; job profession/ industry (2 digit ISCO08) (EVS5); occupational group (WVS7); marital status; number of children; number of people in the household (household size); living together with parents; scale of incomes (WVS7), scale of incomes (EVS5). Information on partner/spouse: highest educational level (ISCED-code one digit); highest educational level (recoded); employment status; job profession/ industry (2 digit ISCO08) (EVS5); occupational group (WVS7). Information on respondent&rsquo;s parents: father and mother born in the country; country of birth of father and mother (ISO 3166-1 code, ISO 3166-1/3 Alpha code); highest educational level of father and mother (ISCED code one digit); highest educational level of father and mother (recoded); occupational group of respondent&rsquo;s father (EVS5-main earner) (respondent 14 years old). Interviewer rating: respondent&acute;s interest during the interview. Additionally encoded: study; wave; version of Joint EVS/WVS; version of EVS5 und WVS7 source data files; source of the Joint EVS/WVS; unified respondent number (Joint); interviewer number; country code (ISO 3166-1 Numeric code and ISO 3166-1 Alpha-2 code); country (CoW Numeric code); year of survey; year/month of start of fieldwork; year/month of end of fieldwork; country &ndash; year; mode of data collection; mixed mode/ matrix design (EVS5); mode of data collection (follow up) (EVS5); matrix attribution (group/variable bloc) (EVS5); year/ month of start of fieldwork (matrix design) EVS5); year/ month of end of fieldwork (matrix design) (EVS5); survey year (follow up) (EVS5); total length of the interview (start hour and start minute, end hour and end minute); date of the interview; date of the interview (follow up) (EVS5); time of the interview &ndash; start (constructed) (follow up) (EVS5); time of the interview &ndash; end (constructed) (follow up) (EVS5); language of the interview (WVS/EVS list of languages); language of interview (ISO 639-1 alpha-2 / 639-2 alpha 3); weighting factors (calibration weights, population size weight, equilibrated weight-1000); region where the interview was conducted (NUTS-1); region where the interview was conducted (NUTS-2); region where the interview was conducted (ISO); size of town where the interview was conducted (5 categories).,The European Values Study (EVS) and the World Values Survey (WVS) are two large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research programmes. They include a large number of questions on moral, religious, social, political, occupational and family values which have been replicated since the early eighties. Both organizations agreed to cooperate in joint data collection from 2017. EVS has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in European countries, using the EVS questionnaire and EVS methodological guidelines. WVSA has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in countries in the world outside Europe, using the WVS questionnaire and WVS methodological guidelines. Both organisations developed their draft master questionnaires independently. The joint items define the Common Core of both questionnaires. The Joint EVS/WVS is constructed from the two EVS and WVS source datasets: - European Values Study 2017 Integrated Dataset (EVS 2017), ZA7500 Data file Version 5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897 (https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13897). - World Values Survey: Round Seven&ndash;Country-Pooled Datafile. Version 5.0.0, doi: 10.14281/18241.20,EVS 2017: Mode of collection: mixed mode Face-to-face interview: CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) Face-to-face interview: PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interview) Telephone interview: CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) Self-administered questionnaire: CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) Self-administered questionnaire: Paper In all countries, fieldwork was conducted on the basis of detailed and uniform instructions prepared by the EVS advisory groups. The main mode in EVS 2017 is face to face (interviewer-administered). An alternative self-administered form was possible but as a parallel mixed mode, i.e. there was no choice for the respondent between modes: either s/he was assigned to face to face, either s/he was assigned to web or web/mail format. In all countries included in the first pre-release, the EVS questionnaire was administered as face-to-face interview (CAPI or/and PAPI). The EVS 2017 Master Questionnaire was provided in English and each national Programme Director had to ensure that the questionnaire was translated into all the languages spoken by 5% or more of the population in the country. A central team monitored the translation process by means of the Translation Management Tool (TMT), developed by CentERdata (Tilburg). WVS wave 7: Mode of collection: mixed mode Face-to-face interview: CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) Face-to-face interview: PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interview) Telephone interview: CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) Self-administered questionnaire: CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) Self-administered questionnaire: Paper Web-based interview In all countries, fieldwork was conducted on the basis of detailed and uniform instructions prepared by the WVS scientific advisory committee and WVSA secretariat. The main data collection mode in WVS 2017-2022 is face to face (interviewer-administered) with a printed (PAPI) or electronic (CAPI) questionnaire. Several countries employed self-administered interview or mixed-mode approach to data collection: Australia (CAWI; postal survey); Canada (CAWI); Great Britain (CAPI; CAWI; postal survey; web-based interview (Video interviewing); Hong Kong SAR (PAPI; CAWI); Malaysia (CAWI; PAPI); Netherlands (CAWI); Northern Ireland (CAPI; CAWI; postal survey; web-based interview (Video interviewing); USA (CAWI; CATI). The WVS Master Questionnaire was provided in English, Arabic, Russian and Spanish. Each national survey team had to ensure that the questionnaire was translated into all the languages spoken by 15% or more of the population in the country. WVSA Secretariat and Data archive monitored the translation process; every translation is subject to multi-stage validation procedure before the fieldwork can be started.,EVS 2017: Mixed-Mode-Erhebungsverfahren Pers&ouml;nliches Interview: CAPI (Computerunterst&uuml;tzte pers&ouml;nliche Befragung) Pers&ouml;nliches Interview: PAPI (Papierfragebogen) Telefonisches Interview: CATI (Computerunterst&uuml;tzte telefonische Befragung) Selbstausf&uuml;ller: CAWI (Computerunterst&uuml;tztes Web-Interview) Selbstausf&uuml;ller: Papier In allen L&auml;ndern wurde die Feldarbeit auf der Grundlage detaillierter und einheitlicher Anweisungen der EVS-Beratergruppen durchgef&uuml;hrt. Der Hauptmodus in EVS 2017 ist Face-to-Face (vom Interviewer ausgef&uuml;llt). Eine alternative Selbstausf&uuml;ller-Form war m&ouml;glich, aber als paralleler Mischmodus, d.h. es gab keine Wahlm&ouml;glichkeit f&uuml;r den Befragten zwischen den Modi: Entweder er/sie wurde pers&ouml;nlich zugewiesen, oder er/sie wurde dem Web- oder Web-/Mail-Format zugeordnet. In allen L&auml;ndern, die in die erste Vorabver&ouml;ffentlichung einbezogen waren, wurde der EVS-Fragebogen als Face-to-Face-Interview (CAPI oder/und PAPI) durchgef&uuml;hrt. Der EVS-Masterfragebogen 2017 wurde in englischer Sprache bereitgestellt, und jeder nationale Programmdirektor musste sicherstellen, dass der Fragebogen in alle Sprachen &uuml;bersetzt wurde, die von 5% oder mehr der Bev&ouml;lkerung des Landes gesprochen wurden. Ein zentrales Team &uuml;berwachte den &Uuml;bersetzungsprozess mit Hilfe des Translation Management Tools (TMT), das von CentERdata (Tilburg) entwickelt wurde. WVS7: Mixed-Mode-Erhebungsverfahren Pers&ouml;nliches Interview: CAPI (Computerunterst&uuml;tzte pers&ouml;nliche Befragung) Pers&ouml;nliches Interview: PAPI (Papierfragebogen) Telefonisches Interview: CATI (Computerunterst&uuml;tzte telefonische Befragung) Selbstausf&uuml;ller: CAWI (Computerunterst&uuml;tztes Web-Interview) Selbstausf&uuml;ller: Papier Webbasiertes Interview In allen L&auml;ndern wurde die Feldarbeit auf der Grundlage detaillierter und einheitlicher Anweisungen durchgef&uuml;hrt, die vom wissenschaftlichen Beirat der WVS und dem Sekretariat der WVSA erstellt wurden. Der Hauptmodus der Datenerhebung in der WVS 2017-2022 ist die pers&ouml;nliche Befragung (interviewer-administered). Einige L&auml;nder verwendeten selbstadministrierte Interviews oder einen gemischten Modus f&uuml;r die Datenerhebung: Australien (CAWI; postalische Befragung); Kanada (CAWI); Gro&sz