ExpNote: Black-box Large Language Models are Better Task Solvers with Experience Notebook

Black-box Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great power in solving various tasks and are considered general problem solvers. However, LLMs still fail in many specific tasks although understand the task instruction. In this paper, we focus on the problem of boosting the ability of black-box LLMs to solve downstream tasks. We propose ExpNote, an automated framework to help LLMs better adapt to unfamiliar tasks through reflecting and noting experiences from training data and retrieving them from external memory during testing. We evaluate ExpNote on multiple tasks and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of black-box LLMs. The data and code are available at https://github.com/forangel2014/ExpNoteComment: EMNLP 2023 finding

Shale Microstructure Characteristics under the Action of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (Sc-CO₂)

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is suitable to extract low-polar organics and to assist in the dissolution of pores and fractures in shale. In this work, we investigate the effect of temperature on the structure of five shale samples via high pressure reaction assisted with SC-CO2. Shale samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and ImageJ software. Due to the extraction of CO2, after Sc-CO2 treatment, carbonate and clay content decreased, while quartz and plagioclase increased slightly, which improved gas and oil flow in microscopic pores and shale cracks. Shale samples showed an increase in surface fracture area as experimental temperature increased. Since Sc-CO2 fluid density and solubility increase with temperature, more organics can be extracted from shale pores and fractures, resulting in newly formed pores and fractures. As a result, the threshold temperature for shale high-temperature Sc-CO2 cracking was confirmed to be 400 °C, and the fracture area increased by more than 45% at this temperature. Based on the findings of this study, Sc-CO2 technology can be used to potentially recover low-maturity shale oil efficiently