Incentive policy optimization of scientific and technological talents and low-carbon economy analysis from the perspective of public health

In the face of multiple challenges in stabilizing economic growth, improving people's living quality, and limiting the total amount of CO2 emissions, firstly, this study analyzes the incentive and optimization policies of scientific and technological (S&T) talents from four aspects: incentive, cultivation, flow, and evaluation. Moreover, practical suggestions are put forward. Secondly, an optimization model of China's low-carbon economy (LCE) is implemented. The Matlab software can be adopted to solve the economic output of each department in the expected year and obtain the overall economic indicators for 2017 and 2022. Finally, the output influence and CO2 emission influence of each industry are analyzed. The research results are as follows. (1) From the viewpoint of public health (PH), the countermeasures and suggestions of the S&T talents policy mainly include four parts: building a complete S&T talents policy system, expanding the coverage group of the policy, strictly implementing the policy of evaluating S&T talents, and improving the guarantee mechanism of relevant talents introduction policy. (2) In 2017, the primary industry, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, accounted for 5.33%; the secondary industry, the energy sector accounted for 72.04%, and the tertiary industry (service industry) accounted for 22.63%. In 2022, the primary, secondary, and tertiary industry accounted for 6.09%, 68.44%, and 25.47%. (3) From the perspective of the industrial influence coefficient, the coefficient of all sectors is stable during 2017–2022. From the standpoint of CO2 emission, China's total CO2 emission shows rapidly increasing trend during the same period. This study has vital practical significance and theoretical value for realizing the sustainable development (SH) and transformation of the LCE

Informalidad en el espacio público, la(s) plaza(s) dels Àngels

La cuestión de la futura convivencia urbana, el uso mixto y el espacio compartido no sólo se discute en la fase de la epidemia de COVID 19. La ciudad de hoy en día, está en plena fase de transformación hacia un diseño más adecuado a las necesidades de las personas, ya que el diseño es para servir al público, y los lugares son creados por las personas que lo viven y lo usan. La forma en que están construidos los espacios nos afecta a todos. Cuando más se ajusta a una función determinada, menos es el valor de supervivencia que tiene en cuando la flexibilidad, diversidad de usuarios y actividades y adaptación en el tiempo. Estamos acostumbrados a idealizar el diseño de acuerdo con unas reglas fijas o la imaginación subjetiva, pero alejado de las necesidades cambiantes del público. La identificación entre forma y función es lo que ocurre en muchas ciudades, debemos aflojar este aspecto que hace que las ciudades sean menos adaptables e inclusivas. Pues este trabajo se basa en la perspectiva de la informalidad de los espacios desde abajo, al ingresar a la sociedad, para descubrir y explorar la vida cotidiana detrás de las actividades informales de la gente común. Presta atención al espacio físico de los fenómenos informales. A partir de la investigación teórica y la observación e investigación de campo, pretende analizar la regularidad, la flexibilidad y la informalidad de los espacios públicos de Barcelona, resumiendo las características, las reglas de organización y la lógica de ello

International purchasing offices under China context

Abstract: Purpose- International sourcing has been gaining its popularity these years, and China is becoming a hotspot due to its low labor cost and recent developments. IPO, at the same time, is claimed to be one of the most popular way for a company to manage their offshore sourcing activities. Researches concerning the international sourcing and IPO operations in China have been covered, but most of them are not from managerial aspects, or country specific. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to investigate the international sourcing and IPO related aspects under China context, and aims to provide suggested managerial approaches for the successful IPO operations. Methodology- The analysis of this study relied on qualitative research method, and the main data collection method were to conduct two semi-structured interviews with two managers of IPO in China. The results were presented by collective cross-interview analysis rather than only describing each interview in depth; Also, some recent literature were also draw on to compare with the information from both interviews, and they all contributed to identify the main features of the IPO success in China. Results- Finding of this study indicated that the advantage of sourcing in China has been shifting from low cost to its developing capabilities. In addition, the main functions that undertaken by IPO in China is sourcing, quality control and supportive functions. The reason that companies use IPO to manage their offshore sourcing is because IPO can eliminate culture differences as well as sourcing risks, etc. Further, this study proposed several managerial suggestions in order to help the IPO operations to be more effective. For example, managers of IPO are suggested to show strong leadership by interpersonal skills in China, rather than showing their authority always, since it is the best way to build trust and gain respect from employees. Also, it is beneficial to align IPO with the overall company strategy so that it can be consistently developed. Practical implications- This study has advanced the understanding regarding to IPO operations in China, and focus more from the managerial perspective, and try to analysis from a contemporary view. Also, this study is under China context, which is a country with vast potentials. The culture characteristics were integrated with the analysis of IPO operations or management in this study. It is believed that this study has contributed both in managerial aspects and theoretical aspects. Thus, this study has given some guidance to managers of IPO in China about how to maximize the efficiency of their IPO operations

International purchasing offices under China context

Abstract: Purpose- International sourcing has been gaining its popularity these years, and China is becoming a hotspot due to its low labor cost and recent developments. IPO, at the same time, is claimed to be one of the most popular way for a company to manage their offshore sourcing activities. Researches concerning the international sourcing and IPO operations in China have been covered, but most of them are not from managerial aspects, or country specific. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to investigate the international sourcing and IPO related aspects under China context, and aims to provide suggested managerial approaches for the successful IPO operations. Methodology- The analysis of this study relied on qualitative research method, and the main data collection method were to conduct two semi-structured interviews with two managers of IPO in China. The results were presented by collective cross-interview analysis rather than only describing each interview in depth; Also, some recent literature were also draw on to compare with the information from both interviews, and they all contributed to identify the main features of the IPO success in China. Results- Finding of this study indicated that the advantage of sourcing in China has been shifting from low cost to its developing capabilities. In addition, the main functions that undertaken by IPO in China is sourcing, quality control and supportive functions. The reason that companies use IPO to manage their offshore sourcing is because IPO can eliminate culture differences as well as sourcing risks, etc. Further, this study proposed several managerial suggestions in order to help the IPO operations to be more effective. For example, managers of IPO are suggested to show strong leadership by interpersonal skills in China, rather than showing their authority always, since it is the best way to build trust and gain respect from employees. Also, it is beneficial to align IPO with the overall company strategy so that it can be consistently developed. Practical implications- This study has advanced the understanding regarding to IPO operations in China, and focus more from the managerial perspective, and try to analysis from a contemporary view. Also, this study is under China context, which is a country with vast potentials. The culture characteristics were integrated with the analysis of IPO operations or management in this study. It is believed that this study has contributed both in managerial aspects and theoretical aspects. Thus, this study has given some guidance to managers of IPO in China about how to maximize the efficiency of their IPO operations

Interferometric Phase Transmitarray for Millimeter-Wave MIMO System

A millimeter-wave (mmW) interferometric phase transmitarray for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is proposed, and its phase distribution is the interference superposition of electromagnetic waves radiated by two patch antennas at different locations. Its characteristic is that when multiple EM waves illuminate the center of the array, the transmitted waves are formed into high-directivity beams. In addition, when the plane wave illuminates the interference phase transmitarray vertically, the transmissive plane wave will be scattered and focused to two different positions. A novel MIMO system can be implemented based on the above two characteristics. Compared with the conventional lens MIMO, the advantage of the MIMO system integrated by the interferometric phase transmitarray is that multiple antennas can share one transmitarray, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the MIMO transceiver. More critically, all channels can efficiently transmit information and increase channel capacity

Identifying Potential Cropland Losses When Conserving 30% and 50% Earth with Different Approaches and Spatial Scales

Biodiversity conservation is the cornerstone for sustainable development. Bold conservation targets provide the last opportunities to halt the human-driven mass extinction. Recently, bold conservation targets have been proposed to protect 30% or 50% of Earth. However, little is known about its potential impacts on cropland. We identify potential cropland losses when 30% and 50% of global terrestrial area is given back to nature by 2030/2050, at three spatial scales (global, biome and country) and using two approaches (“nature-only landscapes” and “shared landscapes”). We find that different targets, applied scales and approaches will lead to different cropland losses: (1) At the global scale, it is possible to protect 50% of the Earth while having minimum cropland losses. (2) At biome scale, 0.64% and 8.54% cropland will be lost globally in 2030 and 2050 under the nature-only approach while by contrast, the shared approach substantially reduces the number of countries confronted by cropland losses, demanding only 0% and 2.59% of global cropland losses in 2030 and 2050. (3) At the national scale, the nature-only approach causes losses of 3.58% and 10.73% of global cropland in 2030 and 2050, while the shared approach requires 0.77% and 7.55% cropland in 2030 and 2050. Our results indicate that bold conservation targets could be considered, especially when adopting the shared approach, and we suggest adopting ambitious targets (protecting at least 30% by 2030) at the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP 15) to ensure a sustainable future for Earth

High-throughput screening in larval zebrafish identifies novel potent sedative-hypnotics

BACKGROUND: Many general anesthetics were discovered empirically, but primary screens to find new sedative-hypnotics in drug libraries have not used animals, limiting the types of drugs discovered. The authors hypothesized that a sedative-hypnotic screening approach using zebrafish larvae responses to sensory stimuli would perform comparably to standard assays, and efficiently identify new active compounds. METHODS: The authors developed a binary outcome photomotor response assay for zebrafish larvae using a computerized system that tracked individual motions of up to 96 animals simultaneously. The assay was validated against tadpole loss of righting reflexes, using sedative-hypnotics of widely varying potencies that affect various molecular targets. A total of 374 representative compounds from a larger library were screened in zebrafish larvae for hypnotic activity at 10 µM. Molecular mechanisms of hits were explored in anesthetic-sensitive ion channels using electrophysiology, or in zebrafish using a specific reversal agent. RESULTS: Zebrafish larvae assays required far less drug, time, and effort than tadpoles. In validation experiments, zebrafish and tadpole screening for hypnotic activity agreed 100% (n = 11; P = 0.002), and potencies were very similar (Pearson correlation, r > 0.999). Two reversible and potent sedative-hypnotics were discovered in the library subset. CMLD003237 (EC50, ~11 µM) weakly modulated γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors and inhibited neuronal nicotinic receptors. CMLD006025 (EC50, ~13 µM) inhibited both N-methyl-D-aspartate and neuronal nicotinic receptors. CONCLUSIONS: Photomotor response assays in zebrafish larvae are a mechanism-independent platform for high-throughput screening to identify novel sedative-hypnotics. The variety of chemotypes producing hypnosis is likely much larger than currently known.This work was supported by grants from Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, and the Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China (both to Dr. Yang). The Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, supported this work through a Research Scholars Award and an Innovation Grant (both to Dr. Forman). Contributions to this research from the Boston University Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston, Massachusetts (to Drs. Porco, Brown, Schaus, and Xu, and to Mr. Trilles), were supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (grant No. R24 GM111625). (Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; R24 GM111625 - National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland)Accepted manuscript2019-09-0

Improvement of Antioxidant Activity of Defatted Selenium-Enriched Rice Bran by Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation

Selenium-enriched rice bran is a major by-product in the production of selenium-enriched polished rice, which is rich in selenium, dietary fiber, and active substances such as phenolic compounds. However, the high-value utilization of selenium-enriched rice bran has not been fully explored. In this study, four strains of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, L. plantarum, and L. delbrueckii subsp.) were used to ferment defatted selenium-enriched rice bran. The physicochemical properties, nutritional characteristics, microstructure, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of selenium-enriched rice bran were compared before and after fermentation. The results showed that lactic acid bacteria fermentation increased the insoluble dietary fiber/water-soluble dietary fiber ratio in selenium-enriched rice bran by 20%–45%, the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids by 5%–6% and 16%–31%, respectively, and the conversion efficiency of inorganic selenium to SeCys2 by 42%–49%. Moreover, the fermentation reduced the particle size of selenium-enriched rice bran, made the surface more loose and porous, and enhanced the hydration properties, cholesterol adsorption capacity and antioxidant activity. The decreasing order of the comprehensive scores of fermented selenium-enriched rice bran in principal component analysis (PCA) was L. plantarum > L. delbrueckii subsp. > S. thermophilus > L. acidophilus. Among these samples, the sample fermented with L. plantarum exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in vitro, as well as the highest contents of total acid, SeCys2, total phenols and total flavonoids. This study provides a theoretical basis for the intensive development and utilization of selenium-enriched rice bran

PathAsst: Redefining Pathology through Generative Foundation AI Assistant for Pathology

As advances in large language models (LLMs) and multimodal techniques continue to mature, the development of general-purpose multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has surged, with significant applications in natural image interpretation. However, the field of pathology has largely remained untapped in this regard, despite the growing need for accurate, timely, and personalized diagnostics. To bridge the gap in pathology MLLMs, we present the PathAsst in this study, which is a generative foundation AI assistant to revolutionize diagnostic and predictive analytics in pathology. To develop PathAsst, we collect over 142K high-quality pathology image-text pairs from a variety of reliable sources, including PubMed, comprehensive pathology textbooks, reputable pathology websites, and private data annotated by pathologists. Leveraging the advanced capabilities of ChatGPT/GPT-4, we generate over 180K instruction-following samples. Furthermore, we devise additional instruction-following data, specifically tailored for the invocation of the pathology-specific models, allowing the PathAsst to effectively interact with these models based on the input image and user intent, consequently enhancing the model's diagnostic capabilities. Subsequently, our PathAsst is trained based on Vicuna-13B language model in coordination with the CLIP vision encoder. The results of PathAsst show the potential of harnessing the AI-powered generative foundation model to improve pathology diagnosis and treatment processes. We are committed to open-sourcing our meticulously curated dataset, as well as a comprehensive toolkit designed to aid researchers in the extensive collection and preprocessing of their own datasets. Resources can be obtained at https://github.com/superjamessyx/Generative-Foundation-AI-Assistant-for-Pathology.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, conferenc