The Trustworthiness of Online Reference Group and Participation Behavior of Crowd in Crowdsourcing e-Market

Crowdsourcing e-market provides a lot of advantages to solve problems of organizations, companies and individuals. As a result, it’s important to develop an understanding of online reference group and participation behavior of crowd. The authors argue that reference group can obtain trustworthiness in the eyes of the crowd, such as integrity trustworthiness and ability trustworthiness. The trustworthiness of online reference group has influence on the participation behaviors of crowd. The authors test these ideas by examining the crowdsoucing process on zhubajie e-market in March 2012. When the perceived uncertainty is high, the effect of integrity trustworthiness on participation behavior is greater than ability trustworthiness. When the perceived uncertainty is low, the effect of ability trustworthiness on participation behavior is greater than integrity trustworthiness

More is better than less? The influence mechanisms of e-sellers’ service guarantee

Service guarantee is a dilemma for e-sellers. As it will increase buyers’ purchase intentions, but it may leads to more return goods too. Our research makes an effort to study the influence mechanism of service guarantee, in order to help e-seller to make their retail decisions. The results of our empirical analysis indicate that the higher the strength of service guarantee is, the higher degree of the sales level is. Besides, service guarantee will influence the refund rate with inverse U-relationship. So it is necessary to select a reasonable level of service guarantee

How Service Guarantee Induces Customer Opportunism Behavior in Online Environment —The Moderating Role of Customers\u27 Personal Characteristics and Reference Group’s Relationship Strength

On the internet, the enterprise provides service guarantee, such as return without reason in seven days , to reduce the perceived risk of online customers effectively. Meanwhile, such service guarantee leads some customer opportunistic behavior. Taking the customers\u27 personal characteristics and reference group’s relationship strength as moderator variables, we conduct an empirical research to study the major factor and it’s effect paths on customer opportunistic behavior by using the scenario role-playing approach. The result shows that higher service guarantee is more likely to induce customer opportunism behavior. And customers’ personality (Machiavellianism) has nothing to do with the relationship. On the contrary, the relationship strength has a significantly moderating role in the impact of service guarantee strength on customers’ opportunistic behavior. Knowing friends of strong relationship have opportunistic behaviors, customer is more likely to choose the similar behavior when they face the higher service guarantee

The Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Hepacivirus in China

Hepacivirus has been identified in cattle in Africa, Europe, and South America. In this survey of bovine hepacivirus (BovHepV) in 131 serum samples from Chinese cattle herds using RT-PCR, five of 131 sera were BovHepV positive, with the infection rate of 3.82%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial NS3 coding sequence showed that the BovHepV of the five positive samples clustered with other BovHepV but formed a separate branch. The results indicated that these new BovHepV represent emerging and novel strains. Further investigations are necessary to determine the epidemiology and viral pathogenesis of these BovHepV strains, as well as the potential threat to ruminant and livestock workers in China

Age at menarche and risk of major cardiovascular diseases: Evidence of birth cohort effects from a prospective study of 300,000 Chinese women

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies of mostly Western women have reported inconsistent findings on the association between age at menarche and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the association in China where there has been a large intergenerational decrease in women's mean age at menarche.MethodsThe China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 302,632 women aged 30–79 (mean 50.5)years in 2004–8 from 10 diverse regional sites across China. During 7years follow-up, 14,111 incident cases of stroke, 14,093 of coronary heart disease (CHD), and 3200 CVD deaths were reported among 281,491 women who had no prior history of CVD at baseline. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) relating age at menarche to CVD risks.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of menarche was 15.4 (1.9)years, decreasing from 16.2 (2.0) among women born before 1940 to 14.7 (1.6) for those born during the 1960s–1970s. The patterns of association between age at menarche and CVD risk appeared to differ between different birth cohorts, with null associations in older generations but U-shaped or weak positive associations in younger women, especially those born after the 1960s. After minimizing the potential confounding effects from major CVD risk factors, both early and late menarche, compared with menarche at age 13years, were associated with increased risk of CVD morbidity and mortality, which was more pronounced in younger generations.ConclusionAmong Chinese women the associations between age at menarche and risk of CVD differed by birth cohort, suggesting other factors may underpin the association

Exhaled carbon monoxide and its associations with smoking, indoor household air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases among 512 000 Chinese adults

Background Exhaled carbon monoxide (COex) level is positively associated with tobacco smoking and exposure to smoke from biomass/coal burning. Relatively little is known about its determinants in China despite the population having a high prevalence of smoking and use of biomass/coal. Methods The China Kadoorie Biobank includes 512 000 participants aged 30-79 years recruited from 10 diverse regions. We used linear regression and logistic regression methods to assess the associations of COex level with smoking, exposures to indoor household air pollution and prevalent chronic respiratory conditions among never smokers, both overall and by seasons, regions and smoking status. Results The overall COex level (ppm) was much higher in current smokers than in never smokers (men: 11.5 vs 3.7; women: 9.3 vs 3.2). Among current smokers, it was higher among those who smoked more and inhaled more deeply. Among never smokers, mean COex was positively associated with levels of exposures to passive smoking and to biomass/coal burning, especially in rural areas and during winter. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of air flow obstruction (FEV 1 /FVC ratio <0.7) for never smokers with COex at 7-14 and 514 ppm, compared with those having COex <7, were 1.38 (1.31-1.45) and 1.65 (1.52-1.80), respectively (P trend <0.001). Prevalence of other self-reported chronic respiratory conditions was also higher among people with elevated COex (P <0.05). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Conclusion In adult Chinese, COex can be used as a biomarker for assessing current smoking and overall exposure to indoor household air pollution in combination with questionnaires

Zero-Valent Copper-Mediated Peroxymonosulfate Activation for Efficient Degradation of Azo Dye Orange G

Zero-valent metal (ZVMs)-based persulfate activation systems are extensively applied for the elimination of organic pollutants in aqueous environments. In this study, for the first time, zero-valent copper (ZVC) was employed as the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for the efficient degradation of Orange G (OG). The physicochemical properties of ZVC were systematically characterized by FESEM, EDX, TEM, XRD and XPS measurements. Furthermore, the effects of catalyst loading, PMS dosage, OG concentration and inorganic anions on the ZVC/PMS system were, respectively, investigated and explicated. The formation of •OH and SO4•− in the system was verified by quenching experiments and then the possible reaction mechanism was proposed. This work can provide insight into water treatment technology based on ZVMs

Human monkeypox infection threat: A comprehensive overview.

BackgroundIn addition to the COVID-19 waves, the globe is recently facing global monkeypox (MPX) outbreak. As the daily confirmed cases of MPX infection across epidemic and nonepidemic countries are increasing, taking measures to control global pandemic remains crucial. Therefore, this review aimed to provide fundamental knowledge for the prevention and control of future outbreaks of this emerging epidemic.MethodsThe review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases; the search terms used were "monkeypox," "MPX tropism," "replication signaling of MPX," "biology and pathogenicity of MPX," "diagnosis of MPX," "treatment of MPX," "prevention of MPX," etc. The update epidemic data were collected from the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO), United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ADCC). High-quality research results published in authoritative journals were summarized and preferred cited. Excluding all duplicates, non-English published references, and irrelevant literature, totally 1,436 articles were assessed for eligibility.ResultsIt is still difficult to diagnose the patient as MPX simply based on clinical manifestations; therefore, under this situation, employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to provide confirmed evidence for the diagnosis of MPX seems to be the preferred and indispensable strategy. The treatment approach for MPX infection is mainly symptomatic and supportive; anti-smallpox virus drugs including tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir can be employed in severe cases. Timely identification and isolation of confirmed cases, cutting off dissemination routes, and vaccination of close contacts are effective measures to control MPX. Also, smallpox vaccines (JYNNEOS, LC16m8, and ACAM2000) can be under consideration due to their immunological cross-protection among Orthopoxvirus. Nevertheless, given the low quality and scarcity of relevant evidence of current antiviral drugs and vaccines, deeply seeking for the MAPK/ERK, PAK-1, PI3K/Akt signaling, and other pathways involved in MPX invasion may provide potential targets for the treatment, prevention, and control of the epidemic.ConclusionsIn response to the current MPX epidemic, the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against MPX, as well as the rapid and precise diagnostic methods are still urgently needed. Sound monitoring and detection systems should be established to limit the rapid spread of MPX worldwide