A STUDY ON THE REPRESENTATIVE POINT OF HORSE’S CENTER OF GRAVITY

The purpose of this study was to explore are there bony landmarks on the horse body’s surface matching the motion of center of gravity. The relationship between the bony landmarks and the center of gravity during actual race under Buchner and Kubo horse inertial models were analyzed. Results showed Buchner and Kubo models had high consistency on the kinematic parameters of the center of gravity. Comparing the relationship of the middle of mesoscapula and tail root with the center of gravity in displacement, velocity and the absolute difference, it was found that the middle of mesoscapula under Kubo model is a suitable represent point of the center of gravity among the characteristic points of two models in the motion of observed race horses

Mechanisms of Creativity Differences Between Art and Non-art Majors: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Creativity is considered the ability to generate new ideas or behaviors, an ability that have diverse expressions in different human groups, such as painters and non-painters. Art major students require more creative activities than non-art students do. In this study, we plan to explore the figural creativity abilities of art major students and whether these students exhibited higher figural creativity scores and why their brain structure of gray matter are lower which may benefit from their professional training relative to non-art majors. Therefore, in this study, we use voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify different behavioral and brain mechanisms between art major students and non-art major students by using the figural Torrance Test of Creative Thinking. Our results showed that the TTCT-figural (TTCT-F) scores of art majors were higher than those of non-art majors. The TTCT-F score of art major students and practicing and study time have positive correlations which means art major’s figural creativity score benefit from there art professional training in some degree. Subsequently, the interaction analysis revealed that the TTCT-figural scores of art majors and non-majors exhibited significant correlations with the gray matter volumes (GMV) of the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG). While the simple slope analysis showed that art majors, compared with non-art majors, exhibited a marginal significantly positive association with the left ACC and MFG, non-art majors exhibited a significantly negative association with the left ACC and MFG. Overall, our study revealed that people who major in artistic work are more likely to possess enhanced figural creative skills relative to non-artistic people. These results indicated that professional artistic programs or training may increase creativity skills via reorganized intercortical connections

TBR2 coordinates neurogenesis expansion and precise microcircuit organization via Protocadherin 19 in the mammalian cortex.

Cerebral cortex expansion is a hallmark of mammalian brain evolution; yet, how increased neurogenesis is coordinated with structural and functional development remains largely unclear. The T-box protein TBR2/EOMES is preferentially enriched in intermediate progenitors and supports cortical neurogenesis expansion. Here we show that TBR2 regulates fine-scale spatial and circuit organization of excitatory neurons in addition to enhancing neurogenesis in the mouse cortex. TBR2 removal leads to a significant reduction in neuronal, but not glial, output of individual radial glial progenitors as revealed by mosaic analysis with double markers. Moreover, in the absence of TBR2, clonally related excitatory neurons become more laterally dispersed and their preferential synapse development is impaired. Interestingly, TBR2 directly regulates the expression of Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19), and simultaneous PCDH19 expression rescues neurogenesis and neuronal organization defects caused by TBR2 removal. Together, these results suggest that TBR2 coordinates neurogenesis expansion and precise microcircuit assembly via PCDH19 in the mammalian cortex

The aqueous supramolecular chemistry of crown ethers

This mini-review summarizes the seminal exploration of aqueous supramolecular chemistry of crown ether macrocycles. In history, most research of crown ethers were focusing on their supramolecular chemistry in organic phase or in gas phase. In sharp contrast, the recent research evidently reveal that crown ethers are very suitable for studying abroad range of the properties and applications of water interactions, from: high water-solubility, control of Hofmeister series, “structural water”, and supramolecular adhesives. Key studies revealing more details about the properties of water and aqueous solutions are highlighted

CIRBP is a novel oncogene in human bladder cancer inducing expression of HIF-1 alpha

Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRBP) has been reported to be associated with distinct tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of CIRBP in human bladder cancer (BCa), indicating that CIRBP is overexpressed in BCa tissues and cell lines to promote proliferation and migration. Moreover, CIRBP could induce expression of HIF-1 alpha via binding to the 3'-UTR of its mRNA to increase the mRNA stability in BCa cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PTGIS is a HIF-1 alpha targeted gene, a major regulator in hypoxic cancer progression by activating transcription of various oncogenes. Our results also suggested that overexpression of HIF-1 alpha may suppress the expression of PTGIS in BCa cells, by binding to HRE sequence at the promoter region of PTGIS. In addition, we found a strongly downregulation of PTGIS in BCa tissue and transcriptionally inhibited by HIF-1 alpha in BCa cells, which could be triggered by its DNA methylation. Further result suggested that knockdown of CIRBP could promote the expression of PTGIS, meanwhile knockdown of PTGIS could partially rescue CIRBP-deficiency induced inhibition of migration and proliferation in BCa cells. Taken together, our study indicated that CIRBP could be a novel oncogene in human bladder cancer inducing transcription of HIF-1 alpha, which could inhibit expression of methylated PTGIS

Novel tumor necrosis factor-related long non-coding RNAs signature for risk stratification and prognosis in glioblastoma

BackgroundTumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that can coordinate tissue homeostasis by co-regulating the production of cytokines, cell survival, or death. It widely expresses in various tumor tissues and correlates with the malignant clinical features of patients. As an important inflammatory factor, the role of TNFα is involved in all steps of tumorigenesis and development, including cell transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Recent research has showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), defined as RNA transcripts >200 nucleotides that do not encode a protein, influence numerous cellular processes. However, little is known about the genomic profile of TNF pathway related-lncRNAs in GBM. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of TNF related-lncRNAs and their immune characteristics in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients.MethodsTo identify TNF associations in GBM patients, we performed bioinformatics analysis of public databases - The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). The ConsensusClusterPlus, CIBERSORT, Estimate, GSVA and TIDE and first-order bias correlation and so on approaches were conducted to comprehensively characterize and compare differences among TNF-related subtypes.ResultsBased on the comprehensive analysis of TNF-related lncRNAs expression profiles, we constructed six TNF-related lncRNAs (C1RL-AS1, LINC00968, MIR155HG, CPB2-AS1, LINC00906, and WDR11-AS1) risk signature to determine the role of TNF-related lncRNAs in GBM. This signature could divide GBM patients into subtypes with distinct clinical and immune characteristics and prognoses. We identified three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3), with C2 showing the best prognosis; otherwise, C3 showing the worst prognosis. Moreover, we assessed the prognostic value, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, chemokines cytokines and enrichment analysis of this signature in GBM. The TNF-related lncRNA signature was tightly associated with the regulation of tumor immune therapy and could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in GBM.ConclusionThis analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of TNF-related characters, which may improve the clinical outcome of GBM patients

Developing a questionnaire to evaluate the health information literacy in China

IntroductionHealth information literacy is critical for individuals to obtain, understand, screen, and apply health information. However, there is currently no specific tool available to evaluate all four dimensions of health information literacy in China. Public health emergencies can present an opportunity to evaluate and monitor the health information literacy level of residents. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the level of health information literacy and to measure the reliability and validity.MethodsThe development process of the questionnaire consisted of the determination of questionnaire items, expert consultation, and validation. Based on the National Residents Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire (2020) and the 2019 Informed Health Choices key concepts, the researchers drafted the questionnaire, including all four dimensions of health information literacy. Experts in relevant fields were invited to evaluate the draft questionnaire, and revisions were made accordingly. Finally, the reliability and validity of the finalized version were examined in Gansu Province, China.ResultsThe research team preliminarily formulated 14 items encompassing the four dimensions of health information literacy. After consulting with 28 experts, modifications were made. A convenience sample of 185 Chinese residents was invited to participate. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.715 and McDonald's omega was 0.739 for internal consistency, and the test-retest intra-class correlation coefficient after 4 weeks was 0.906, indicating that the questionnaire content and measurement structure was relatively stable.ConclusionThis questionnaire is the first evidence-based assessment tool developed for monitoring health information literacy in China, and it has shown good reliability and validity. It can help to monitor the health information literacy levels of Chinese residents, promote evidence-based decision-making, and guide interventions to improve health information literacy

Bionic Optimization Based Stability and Congestion Aware Routing Algorithm for Airborne Highly Dynamic Network

Airborne highly dynamic ad hoc UAV network has features of high node mobility, fast changing network topology, and complex application environment. The performance of traditional routing algorithms is so poor over aspects such as end to end delay, data packet delivery ratio, and routing overhead that they cannot provide efficient communication for multi-UAVs carrying out missions synergistically. A bionic optimization based stability and congestion aware routing algorithm—BSCAR algorithm—is proposed to solve these problems. This algorithm integrates biological behavior and dynamic source routing algorithm, which can sense the congestion level of routes and the stability of routes. Ant colony optimization algorithm and the mathematical model of Physarum's behavior exert effort in the process of route discovery and maintenance. The level of pheromone in routes is chosen as a standard to choose route and calculated by the mathematical model of Physarum's behavior. A new volatilization mechanism of pheromone is also introduced into the algorithm. Meanwhile, the algorithm can make adjustment to the variance of UAV formation to prevent the compromise of the network performance. The simulation results show that the BSCAR algorithm has superiority over traditional algorithms and it is dependable in battlefield environment