A Novel Space-Time-Speed Method for Increasing the Passing Capacity with Safety Guaranteed of Railway Station

A method for improving the passing capacity of a station without adding any track and equipment is proposed in this paper. In the process of handling train routes, by transforming the existing fixed train-approaching locking section into a variable mode, the route locking time is shortened and in-station resource consumption is reduced. This approach improves the capacity of the station. At the same time, delay of the train can be quickly returned to normal. A method of variable train-approaching locking section is discussed; a mathematical model for increasing station passing capacity is shown. Comparison between the impact of a variable train-approaching locking section and a fixed mode on the station passing capacity is shown

BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KINEMATICS IN LONG JUMPERS

The maximum speed attained by the athlete in broad jump competition is an important objective for the approach phase of the jump. Although the technique of male broad jump athletes has been studied, very little research has focussed on the performance of female high performance broad jump athletes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of movement kinematics in three males and three females broad jumpers. A comparison of performance between the males and females was made so as to provide the information for coaches and athletes to improve performance

A Humanized Anti-VEGF Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Angiogenesis and Blocks Tumor Growth in Xenograft Models

Rabbit antibodies have been widely used in research and diagnostics due to their high antigen specificity and affinity. Though these properties are also highly desirable for therapeutic applications, rabbit antibodies have remained untapped for human disease therapy. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RabMAbs), we generated a panel of neutralizing RabMAbs against human vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF). These neutralizing RabMAbs are specific to VEGF and do not cross-react to other members of the VEGF protein family. Guided by sequence and lineage analysis of a panel of neutralizing RabMAbs, we humanized the lead candidate by substituting non-critical residues with human residues within both the frameworks and the CDR regions. We showed that the humanized RabMAb retained its parental biological properties and showed potent inhibition of the growth of H460 lung carcinoma and A673 rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts in mice. These studies provide proof of principle for the feasibility of developing humanized RabMAbs as therapeutics

Characterization and health risk assessment of airborne pollutants in commercial restaurants in northwestern China: Under a low ventilation condition in wintertime

Impacts on indoor air quality of dining areas from cooking activities were investigated in eight categories of commercial restaurants including Szechwan Hotpot, Hunan, Shaanxi Noodle, Chinese Barbecue, Chinese Vegetarian, Korean Barbecue, Italian, and Indian, in Northwestern China during December 2011 to January 2012. Chemical characterization and health risk assessment for airborne carbonyls, and particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were conducted under low ventilation conditions in wintertime. The highest total quantified carbonyls (Sigma(carbonyls)) concentration of 313.6 mu g m(-3) was found in the Chinese Barbecue, followed by the Szechwan Hotpot (222.6 mu g m(-3)) and Indian (221.9 mu g m(-3)) restaurants. However, the highest Sigma(carbonyls) per capita was found at the Indian restaurant (4500 mu g capita(-1)), suggesting that cooking methods such as stir-fly and bake for spices ingredients released more carbonyls from thermal cooking processes. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were the three most abundant species, totally accounting for >60% of mass concentrations of the Sigma(carbonyls). Phenanthrene, chrysene, and benzo[a]anthracene were the three most abundant PAHs. Low molecular weight fraction (Sigma PAHs(<= 178)) had the highest contributions accounting for 40.6%-65.7%, much greater than their heaver counterparts. Diagnostic PAHs ratios suggest that cooking fuel and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) contribute to the indoor PAHs profiles. Lead was the most abundant heavy metal in all sampled restaurants. High quantity of nickel was also found in samples due to the emissions from stainless-steel made kitchen utensils and cookware and ETS. Cancer risk assessments on the toxic substances demonstrate that the working environment of dining areas were hazard to health. Formation of reactive organic species (ROS) from the cooking activities was evidenced by measurement of hydroxyl radical (center dot OH) formed from simulating particulate matter (PM) react with surrogate lung fluid. The highest center dot OH concentration of 294.4 ng m(-3) was detected in Chinese Barbecue. In addition, the elevation of the concentrations of PM and center dot OH after non-dining periods implies that the significance of formation of oxidizing-active species indoor at poor ventilation environments. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Systematic profiling of mitochondria-related transcriptome in tumorigenesis, prognosis, and tumor immune microenvironment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-center cohort study

BackgroundMitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a critical role in cancer biology. However, its involvement in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains significantly understudied.MethodsRNA sequencing data of 30 pairs of iCCA and paracancerous tissues were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (WMU). The WMU cohort (n = 30) was integrated with public TCGA (n = 30) and GSE107943 (n = 30) datasets to establish a multi-center iCCA cohort. We merged the TCGA and GSE107943 cohorts into an exploration cohort to develop a mitochondria signature for prognosis assessment, and utilized the WMU cohort for external validation. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Hallmarker analyses were used for functional interpretation of iCCA associated mitochondria-related genes (MRGs). In addition, unsupervised clustering was performed to identify mitochondria-based iCCA subtypes with the data of three institutions. Further investigations were conducted to examine the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on drug responses, alteration of the tumor immune microenvironment, and immune responses.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty-three iCCA-related MRGs were identified to be related to fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis. Through univariate and multivariate Cox, and LASSO analyses, a mitochondria signature with five optimal MRGs was established to evaluate the prognosis of iCCA patients with the AUC values ranged from 0.785 to 0.928 in the exploration cohort. The signature also exhibited satisfactory performance in the WMU cohort with AUC values of 0.817–0.871, and was identified as an independent risk predictor in both cohorts. Additionally, we found that patients with higher mitochondria score with poor prognosis presented lower infiltration levels of CD4+ T-cell, NK cells, and monocytes, and demonstrated higher sensitivity to targeted therapies, including sorafenib. Furthermore, two distant mitochondria-based subtypes were determined, and subtype 2 was associated with shorter survival time and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, the differential protein expression of five key MRGs was verified by Immunohistochemistry.ConclusionWe found mitochondrial dysfunction modulates aberrant metabolism, oxidative stress, immune responses, apoptosis, and drug sensitivity in iCCA. A mitochondria signature and two mitochondria-based iCCA subtypes were identified for clinical risk stratification and immunophenotyping

Investigation of mooring breakage impact on dynamic responses of a 15 MW floating offshore wind turbine

The stability and integrity of the mooring system are some of critical factors affecting the safety and performance of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the dynamic responses of the rotor, platform, and the remaining cables of the FOWT subjected to mooring breakages. This is because a mooring breakage significantly increases the risk of damage to the FOWT, especially for a nonredundant mooring system. This study has analyzed the platform motions and mooring tension of a 15 MW FOWT, where each offset column connects to two and three mooring lines to enhance the redundancy of the mooring system. The fully coupled simulations of the FOWTs under mooring breakage scenarios are examined using the well-validated numerical framework, OpenF2A, to consider wind, wave and current loading combinations. The result reveals that the breakage of a single mooring has a minor impact on the aerodynamic performance and aeroelastic response of the FOWT for both mooring system configurations. Notably, the platform experiences significant surge and sway when the upwind mooring breaks, leading to a sharp increase in tension of the remaining mooring lines positioned in the same direction. Moreover, the occurrence of snap load events is another factor resulting in the abrupt increase in the mooring tension. However, the maximum tension in the remaining mooring lines has not exceeded the threshold of breaking stress for both redundant mooring systems. The mooring configuration with two catenary cables connected to each column is suggested for the station-keeping system of the 15 MW FOWT considering the dynamic behavior and manufacture cost

Environmental and physiological controls on diurnal and seasonal patterns of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from five dominant woody species under field conditions

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play essential roles in tropospheric chemistry, on both regional and global scales. The emissions of large quantities of species-specific BVOC depend not only on environmental (temperature, T; photosynthetically active radiation, PAR), but also physiological parameters (i.e. net photosynthetic rate, Pn; transpiration rate, Tr; stomatal conductance, gs and intercellular CO2 concentration, Ci). Here, isoprene, monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions were determined from five dominant mature woody tree species in northern China, which are two evergreen conifers (Pinus tabuliformis and Platycladus orientalis) and three broad-leaved deciduous trees (Quercus variabilis, Populus tomentosa and Robinia pseudoacacia). A dynamic enclosure technique combined with GC-MS was used to sample BVOCs and analyse their fractional composition at daily and annual scales. The diurnal data showed that both isoprene and monoterpene emissions increased with increasing temperature, and reached their maximum emission rates in the peak of growing season for both coniferous and broad-leaved species. The emissions of individual compound within the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were statistically correlated with each other for all species. Furthermore, some oxygenated monoterpene emissions were highly correlated to sesquiterpenes in all tree species. Linking BVOC emissions to environmental and leaf physiological parameters exhibited that monoterpene emissions were linearly and positively correlated to the variation of T, PAR, Pn and Tr, while their relationship to gs and Ci is more complex. Collectively, these findings provided important information for improving current model estimations in terms of the linkage between BVOC emissions and plant physiological traits. The data presented in this study can be used to update emission capacity used in models, as this is the first time of reporting BVOC emissions from five dominant species in this region. The whole-year measurement of leaf-level BVOCs can also advance our understanding of seasonal variation in BVOC emissions

A Novel Space-Time-Speed Method for Increasing the Passing Capacity with Safety Guaranteed of Railway Station

A method for improving the passing capacity of a station without adding any track and equipment is proposed in this paper. In the process of handling train routes, by transforming the existing fixed train-approaching locking section into a variable mode, the route locking time is shortened and in-station resource consumption is reduced. This approach improves the capacity of the station. At the same time, delay of the train can be quickly returned to normal. A method of variable train-approaching locking section is discussed; a mathematical model for increasing station passing capacity is shown. Comparison between the impact of a variable train-approaching locking section and a fixed mode on the station passing capacity is shown