GIS-Based Visibility Network and Defensibility Model to Reconstruct Defensive System of the Han Dynasty in Central Xinjiang, China

The Silk Road opened during the Han Dynasty, and is significant in global cultural communication. Along this route in the central part of Xinjiang, the archaeological sites with defensive characteristics once provided a safeguard for this area. Reconstructing the defensive system is an important way to explore the ancient culture’s propagation and the organizational structure of these sites. In this research, the compound visibility network with complex network analysis (CNA) and the least-cost paths based on the defensibility models from linear and logistic regression methods constitute the principle defensive structure. As possible transportation corridors, these paths are considered to be mostly fitted to each other in general, and are different from normal slope-based paths. The sites Kuhne Shahr and Agra play important roles for information control according to the CNA measures, while the sites Kuhne Shahr and Kuyux Shahr are considered to be crucial cities due to their positions and structural shapes. Some other sites, including Uzgen Bulak, Shah Kalandar, Chuck Castle, Caladar, and Qiuci, as well as some beacons, have important effects on defending the transportation corridors. This method is proven efficient for the study of the historical role of archaeological sites with defensive characteristics

Sodiophilic V2O3-Inducing Layer for Long Lifespan and Dendrite-Free Sodium Metal Anodes

Because of the superiority of low cost and high theoretical capacity, sodium metal batteries are considered an attractive option for high energy storage. However, the uncontrollable and random deposition of Na tends to expedite the formation of Na dendrites and increases the risk of thermal runaway. The method of preplant sodiophilic sites can induce the lateral deposition of Na instead of sharp dendrite emergence. Here, we introduce the sodiophilic V2O3 particles to form a protective layer on Na surface (Na/V2O3). The high Na ion adsorption energy and low nucleation overpotential of Na/V2O3 facilitate the diffusion of Na ions and homogeneous Na deposition, which can work well in cubing dendrite development. Thus, the symmetrical cell (Na/V2O3||Na/V2O3) can stably operate for 670 h at 0.5 mA·cm−2/1 mAh·cm−2 with a smaller voltage hysteresis (less than 100 mV). Moreover, full cell constructed by coupling Na/V2O3 anode with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode displays an outstanding rate performance, maintaining a high capacity of 70 mAh·g−1 at 30 C. On the basis of the design of sodiophilic protection layer, a dendrite-free, outstanding rate performance, and long lifespan sodium metal battery is realized

Evaluation of Co-located and Distributed Collaborative Visualization

Collaboration is prevalent for network security teams to protect networking environments, yet few network visualization tools are designed for collaborative analysis. With the increasing complexity and volume of dynamic networks, it is important to adopt strategies of joint decision-making through developing collaborative visualization approaches. In this paper, we present a formal user study to evaluate how paired users collaborate under co-located and distributed collaboration environments to tackle the problems of intrusion detection. Ten paired participants are requested to use network visualization patterns to identify attacks existed in the datasets. We observe participants behaviors and collect their performances from the aspects of coordination and communication, which include prioritizing goals and directions, dividing and balancing workloads, and negotiating analysis decisions while maintaining situational awareness. Based on the results, we conclude several coordination strategies and summarize the values of communication for collaborative detection. We also discuss human-related factors in the process of joint decision-making. Our study provides useful information for future design and development of collaborative visualization systems

Microstructure and in vitro Bioactivity of Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite

Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite has shown superior biological performance compared to its stoichio-metric counterpart both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, single-phase silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite was successfully synthesized by the precipitation method. Chemical composition, crystalline phase, microstructure, and morphology of the materials were characterized by XRF, XRD, FT-IR, solid-state NMR and SEM. The results showed that hydroxyapatite kept its original structure with silicon up to a level of 0.9 wt%. The precipitation method was proved to be an efficient way to synthesize single-phase silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite. Solid-state NMR combined with other techniques gave direct evidence for the isomorphous substitution of PO43- by SiO44- in the hydroxyapatite structure. Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite showed better bioactivity than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite in the in vitro bioactivity experiment. The higher the silicon content in the hydroxyapatite structure, the better the in vitro bioactivity. The enhanced bioactivity of silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite over pure hydroxyapatite has been attributed to the effect of silicate ions in accelerating dissolution

Phylogenetic trees constructed by avian orthoreovirus (ARV) based on nucleotide sequences of the L-class, M-class and σ-class homologous genome segments or genes.

Note: The Reo/SDWF /Pheasant/17608/20 strain was marked with a red color dot.</p