Heating of multi‐species upflowing ion beams observed by Cluster on March 28, 2001

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149495/1/epp320083.pd

Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Constituents of Okra

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), a healthy vegetable, is widely spread in tropical and subtropical areas. Previous studies have proven that okra pods possess anti-fatigue activity, and the aim of this research is to clarify the anti-fatigue constituents. To achieve this, we divided okra pods (OPD) into seeds (OSD) and skins (OSK), and compared the contents of total polysaccharides, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, isoquercitrin, and quercetin-3-O-gentiobiose and the antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-fatigue activity in vivo between OSD and OSK. The contents of total polyphenols and total polysaccharides were 29.5% and 14.8% in OSD and 1.25% and 43.1% in OSK, respectively. Total flavonoids, isoquercitrin and quercetin-3-O-gentiobiose (5.35%, 2.067% and 2.741%, respectively) were only detected in OSD. Antioxidant assays, including 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power test, and weight-loaded swimming test showed OSD possessed significant antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects. Moreover, biochemical determination revealed that that anti-fatigue activity of OSD is caused by reducing the levels of blood lactic acid (BLA) and urea nitrogen (BUN), enhancing hepatic glycogen storage and promoting antioxidant ability by lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels. These results proved okra seeds were the anti-fatigue part of okra pods and polyphenols and flavonoids were active constituents

Riemann Surfaces of Carbon as Graphene Nanosolenoids

Traditional inductors in modern electronics consume excessive areas in the integrated circuits. Carbon nanostructures can offer efficient alternatives if the recognized high electrical conductivity of graphene can be properly organized in space to yield a current-generated magnetic field that is both strong and confined. Here we report on an extraordinary inductor nanostructure naturally occurring as a screw dislocation in graphitic carbons. Its elegant helicoid topology, resembling a Riemann surface, ensures full covalent connectivity of all graphene layers, joined in a single layer wound around the dislocation line. If voltage is applied, electrical currents flow helically and thus give rise to a very large (∼1 T at normal operational voltage) magnetic field and bring about superior (per mass or volume) inductance, both owing to unique winding density. Such a solenoid of small diameter behaves as a quantum conductor whose current distribution between the core and exterior varies with applied voltage, resulting in nonlinear inductance

Comparison of Short-Duration and Long-Duration Rice Cultivars Cultivated in Various Planting Densities

The selection of high-yielding, short-duration rice cultivars is essential for the double-rice cropping system. High hill density could be achieved with less labor under machine transplanted conditions. Therefore, dense planting is more practical for machine-transplanted rice. While few studies have been conducted to certify the feasibility of short-duration cultivar combined with dense planting in machine transplanted conditions. The current study was executed to determine the effects of dense planting on yield attributes and grain yield of short-duration cultivars under mechanically transplanted conditions. A field experiment comprises two treatments—i.e., the short-duration cultivar Lingliangyou104 cultivated at a high planting density (SDH) and the long-duration Taiyou390 cultivar cultivated at a low planting density (LDL)—were conducted in the 2018 and 2019 late seasons. The results showed that the SDH exhibited 17% and 19% higher panicle number in a unit, 26% and 24% higher spikelet filling, 8% and 8% higher grain weight, 21% and 11% higher harvest index, and consequently 12% and 4% higher grain yield and 13 and 15 days shortened growth duration compared to the LDL in the 2018 and 2019, respectively. The data revealed that the difference in grain yield between the SDH and LDL was mainly due to the higher harvest index and reasonable dry matter distribution of the SDH, which was conducive to improving yield components and increasing rice grain yield. As a result, short-duration rice cultivars combined with dense planting is a feasible strategy for improving the grain yield of mechanically transplanted late rice

CT slices of three Protoceratopsian skulls and example slices of other Gobi Desert vertebrates

This is a image dataset for deep learning studies. The main dataset comprises labeled CT slices from 3 protoceratopsian dinosaur skulls discovered from the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. The fossil specimens are now in the Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA. Inside the folders named after specimen number (i.e. IGM100-1021), there are six sub-folders comprising labeled or unlabled CT slice images of the specimen from three directions: axial, coronal, and sagittal. Each direction should contain all the information to reconstruct the entire specimen. The other folder named Gobi Vert comprise CT slices, but not enough to reconstruct the original specimens, of multiple vertebrate fossils also discovered from the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. The specimen number and taxa are noted in the image names.,The CT scans were done in either the Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, USA or the American Museum of Natural History. The segmentation was done by authors, then labelled images are exported as the groundtruth for deep learning training. The detail of the dataset is following: Specimen number Taxa Dimension Voxel size (μm) Selected slices (training+testing) IGM 100/3654 Protoceratops 1228*1902*1042 21.43 2059+885 IGM 100/3655 Protoceratops 1362*1731*1193 21.44 3047+1239 IGM 100/1021 Protoceratopsia 768*1784*1533 22.74 2880+1205 However, users are free to divide training, testing, and validating dataset as they need.,The dataset comprises three rarely preserved embryonic protoceratopsian dinosaurs skulls, thus the morphological information embedded are also important for paleontological studies. The slices included here are enough to reconstruct the entire morphology of these embryonic skulls, therefore, if anyone would like to study the morphology of these fossils, please ask the consent from the correspondence author Congyu Yu [email protected].

Quantifying accumulation characteristics of glutelin and prolamin in rice grains.

Glutelin and prolamin are the two major proteins in rice grains. Grain content of glutelin is considerably higher than that of prolamin in rice, but there is limited information on the factors determining the different grain contents of glutelin and prolamin. To address this knowledge gap, the present study compared final weight per grain and accumulation characteristics of glutelin and prolamin in four rice cultivars. Results showed that final glutelin weight per grain was 3.24-3.95 times higher than final prolamin weight per grain. Glutelin and prolamin accumulation processes were well fitted by the logistic equation. The initial, maximum, and mean accumulation rates of glutelin were 1.69-4.67 times higher than those of prolamin. The active accumulation duration of glutelin was 2.9-5.1 d longer than that of prolamin. These results indicate that both higher accumulation rate and longer active accumulation duration are responsible for the higher final weight per grain of glutelin compared to prolamin in rice

Xinshubao tablet ameliorates myocardial injury against heart failure via the DCN/PPARα/PGC-1α/P300 pathway

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with impaired ventricular ability due to structural or functional cardiac disorders. A traditional Chinese formula named Xinshubao tablet (XSB) is reported to protect cardiomyocytes and decrease the risk of HF clinically; however, the underlying mechanism of XSB on decreasing HF risk is not elucidated yet. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanism of XSB by using HF model rats and H9c2 cells with oxygen glucose deprivation. Echocardiographic and pathological features of animal experiment showed that XSB treatment effectively improved cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial injury after 4 weeks of treatment. Cellular experiments indicated that XSB pretreatment significantly inhibited apoptosis and increased mitochondrial energy metabolism. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro experiments both demonstrated that XSB suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Our results further revealed that the potential protective mechanism of XSB was closely associated with the DCN/PPARα/PGC-1α/P300 signaling pathway. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights for HF treatment and a pharmacological basis for the therapeutic application of XSB against cardiovascular disorders

Bone thin sections of six Alvarezsaurian dinosaurs

This dataset includes histological thin sections from long bones of six different Alvarezsaurian dinosaurs and labelled primary and secondary osteons.,The dataset was collected based on specimens in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleonanthropology, Beijing, China. Six alvarezsaurian dinosaur taxa are included as following: Taxa Sampled bones Image number Bannykus wulantensis Fibula 18 Haplocheirus sollers Tibia 28 Qiupanykus zhangi Metatarsal 36 Shishugounykus inexpectus Fibula 29 Xixianykus zhangi Femur, Metatarsal 28+22 Xiyunykus pengi Fibula 13 The image was taken under normal light microscope with resolution of 2576×1936. Labels of primary and secondary were manually labled by all authors.,There are three folders in this dataset: The Raw images folder contains all images categorised by their taxa (e.g. Banykus) and sampling bones (e.g. Fibula). The Sub-images folder contains divided images from raw images except Haplocheirus sollers. Each raw image with a resolution of 2576×1936 is sub-divided into four smaller sub-images with a resolution of 1288×968. The Labels folder contains labeled primary and secondary osteons, the file order corresponds to the Sub-images folder. For deep learning training, users can subdivided this dataset into training and testing sub-dataset as needed.