Adding multiparametric MRI to the MSKCC and Partin nomograms for primary prostate cancer: Improving local tumor staging?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: As a single diagnostic modality, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has imperfect accuracy to detect locally advanced prostate cancer (T-stages 3-4). In this study we evaluate if combining mpMRI with preoperative nomograms (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC] and Partin) improves the prediction of locally advanced tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative mpMRI results of 430 robot-assisted radical prostatectomy patients were analyzed. MSKCC and Partin nomogram scores predicting extraprostatic growth were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed, combining the nomogram prediction scores with mpMRI results. The diagnostic value of the combined models was evaluated by creating receiver operator characteristics curves and comparing the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: mpMRI was a significant predictor of locally advanced disease in addition to both the MSKCC and Partin nomogram, despite its low sensitivity (45.3%). However, overall predictive accuracy increased by only 1% when mpMRI was added to the MSKCC nomogram (AUC MSKCC 0.73 vs MSKCC + mpMRI 0.74). Predictive accuracy for the Partin Tables increased 4% (AUC Partin 0.62 vs Partin + mpMRI 0.66). CONCLUSION: The addition of mpMRI to the preoperative MSKCC and Partin nomograms did not increase diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of locally advanced prostate cancer

The role of bile salt toxicity in the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after non-heart-beating porcine liver transplantation

Background. Intrahepatic bile duct strictures are a serious complication after non-heart-beating (NHB) liver transplantation. Bile salt toxicity has been identified as an important factor in the pathogenesis of bile duct injury and cholangiopathies. The role of bile salt toxicity in the development of biliary strictures after NHB liver transplantation is unclear. Methods. In a porcine model of NHB liver transplantation, we Studied the effect of different periods of warm ischemia in the donor on bile composition and subsequent bile duct injury after transplantation. After induction of cardiac arrest in the donor, liver procurement was delayed for 0 min (group A), 15 min (group B), or more or equal to 30 min (group C). Livers were subsequently transplanted after 4 hr of cold preservation. In the recipients, bile flow was measured, and bile samples were collected daily to determine the bile salt-to-phospholipid ratio. Severity of bile duct injury was semiquantified by using a histologic grading scale. Results. Posttransplantation survival was directly related to the duration of warm ischemia in the donor. The bile salt-to-phospholipid ratio in bile produced early after transplantation was significantly higher in group C, compared with group A and B. Histopathologic condition showed the highest degree of bile duct injury in group C. Conclusion. Prolonged warm ischemia in NHB donors is associated with the formation of toxic bile after transplantation, with a high biliary bile salt-to-phospholipid ratio. These data suggest that bile salt toxicity contributes to the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after NHB liver transplantation