Analysis of the essential oils of Salvia Libanotica and Origanum Syriacum

ABSTRACT Essential oils (EO's) of Salvia libanotica and Origanum syriacum grown in Lebanon were extracted by two different techniques; hydrodistillation and cold solvents extraction using different solvents systems according to their polarity. The essential oil was analyzed using GC/MS. The results identified 35 constituents in each of Salvia Libanotica and Origanum syriacum extracts

Spectroscopie electrique en milieu biologique : etude du globule rouge; etude de l'hydratation des proteines

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Effects of Fatty Acids on Benzo[a]pyrene Uptake and Metabolism in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells

<div><p>Dietary supplementation with natural chemoprotective agents is receiving considerable attention because of health benefits and lack of toxicity. In recent in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to provide significant anti-tumor action. In this investigation, the effects of control fatty acids (oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA)) and n-3 PUFA, e.g., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the uptake and metabolism of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated in A549 cells, a human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial cell line. A549 cells activate BaP through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system to form reactive metabolites, a few of which covalently bind to DNA and proteins. Therefore, multiphoton microscopy spectral analysis combined with linear unmixing was used to identify the parent compound and BaP metabolites formed in cells, in the presence and absence of fatty acids. The relative abundance of select metabolites was associated with altered P450 activity as determined using ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in cells cultured in the presence of BSA-conjugated fatty acids. In addition, the parent compound within cellular membranes increases significantly in the presence of each of the fatty acids, with the greatest accumulation observed following DHA treatment. DHA treated cells exhibit significantly lower pyrene-like metabolites indicative of lower adducts including DNA adducts compared to control BSA, OA or LA treated cells. Further, DHA reduced the abundance of the proximate carcinogen BaP 7,8-dihydrodiol and the 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyene metabolites compared to other treatments. The significant changes in BaP metabolites in DHA treated cells may be mediated by the effects on the physicochemical properties of the membrane known to affect enzyme activity related to phase I and phase II metabolism. In summary, DHA is a highly bioactive chemo-protective agent capable of modulating BaP-induced DNA adducts.</p></div

Allometric models for non-destructive leaf area estimation in grafted and ungrafted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb)

Leaf area estimation is an important biometrical observation one has to do for comparing plant growth in field and greenhouse experiments. Determining the individual leaf area (LA) of watermelon (Citrillus lanatus Thunb.) involves measurements of leaf parameters such as length (L) and width (W), or some combinations of these parameters. Two-year investigation was carried out during 2006 (on six cultivars) and 2007 (on one grafted cultivar) under open-field conditions, respectively, to test whether a model could be developed to estimate leaf area of watermelon across cultivars. Regression analysis of LA vs. L and W revealed several models that could be used for estimating the area of individual watermelon leaves. A linear model having LW as the independent variable provided the most accurate estimate (highest r2, smallest MSE, and the smallest PRESS) of LA in watermelon. Validation of the model having LW of leaves measured in the 2007 experiment coming from other grafted cultivar of watermelon showed that the correlation between calculated and measured watermelon leaf areas was very high. Therefore, this model can estimate accurately and in large quantities the leaf area of watermelon plants in many experimental comparisons without the use of any expensive instruments

Assessment of BaP metabolites in A549 cells using inhibitors of glucuronidation and sulfation.

<p>A) Measurement of 3OH metabolite in A549 cells supplemented with BSA-conjugated fatty acids (LA, DHA, BSA carrier control) for 24 h followed by 2 µM BaP for 24 h in the presence or absence of 500 units of β-glucuronidase. B) Measurement of t7,8 metabolite in A549 cells treated with BSA-conjugated fatty acids (LA, DHA, BSA carrier control) for 24 h followed by 2 µM BaP for 24 h in the presence or absence of 40 µM triclosan. Data represents mean normalized intensity ± SEM of at least 30 images per treatment and 30 cells per image. * indicates significant difference from the corresponding control using two-tailed t-test at p<0.05. Note that glucuronidation (indicated by increase in 3OH due to the presence of β-glucuronidase) is not significant in DHA or LA treated cells while sulfation (indicated by increase in t7,8 due to the presence of triclosan) is significantly enhanced in DHA and LA when compared to BSA.</p

Comparison of BaP metabolites (BaP, 3OH, t7,8 and Pyr) in BSA and DHA supplemented cells.

<p>Cells were supplemented with BSA or DHA for 48 µM BaP for 24 h. Cells were then imaged directly 0 h (A) and 24 h (B) after removal of BaP. Note that the decrease in t7,8 and Pyr metabolites in DHA treated cells are persistent even 24 h after removal of BaP. Data represent mean normalized intensity (with respect to BSA 0 h) ± SEM of at least 30 images per treatment with at least 30 cells per image. Letters above the bars represent significant differences from the corresponding control for each evaluated metabolite using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test at p<0.05.</p

Pseudocolor images of BaP metabolites obtained with A549 cells supplemented with fatty acids.

<p>Cells were supplemented with each fatty acid: 50 µM BSA carrier control (top left panel), OA (top right panel), LA (bottom left panel), and DHA (bottom right panel). for 48 h prior to addition of 2 µM BaP for 24 h. Each image represents the overlay of 7 metabolites represented by referenced colors (BaP, 3OH, 9OH, t7,8, 3,6BPQ, BPDE and Pyr).</p

EROD activity in A549 cells supplemented with BSA-conjugated fatty acids (OA, LA, DHA, BSA).

<p>Cells were treated with each of the fatty acids for 48 µM BaP for 24 h. Data represent mean ± SEM of a typical experiment with 3 replicates per treatment. * indicates significant difference between two compared treatments using two-tailed t-test at p<0.05.</p