The Relationship Between Domain

The rights of Intellectual property are considered as moral rights. These rights, which come to non-material things, are the product of human thought and mind. They are developed and applied on the ground to become an intellectual product that may be material or moral. Among these ideas and innovations that has been emerged in recent years is Domain names. This term is often related to the domain of intellectual property in its branches. The reason for this is the novelty of this subject and its relevance to the field of information technology, in addition to the similarities that are associated with concepts of intellectual property such as trademarks and trade names. For example, more domain names in the field of intellectual property its disputes under the laws of similar elements such as the trademark. &nbsp

Pacifica: Poetry International: Revolutions in Tunisian Poetry

A collection of contemporary poetry from Tunisia, including poems in translation with their French and Arabic original texts

Hybrid fuel cell system degradation modeling methods: A comprehensive review

International audienceLast years, the fuel cell has become well-known as an efficient and clean energy converter being a potential alternative to internal combustion engines. However, despite being very promising, the durability of those systems is still a bottleneck. Most of the time, a fuel cell is integrated in a hybrid system which considers the fuel cell stack, the battery, and the balance of plant. To keep improving the durability of such a system, diagnostic and prognostic tools are of particular importance and to implement such tools, modeling the system is a mandatory step. The purpose of this paper is to propose a critical review of the existing methods to model all elements of a hybrid fuel cell system according to operating conditions and degradation. In this review, interactions and major degradation mechanisms occurring at all components will be presented and the physicsbased models, data-driven and hybrid models of these components reviewed. Finally, methods will be discussed, and advantages and drawbacks will be summarized

Fault tolerant control of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell based on a Modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

International audienceProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)are electrochemical energy converters, suitable for poweringelectric vehicles. However, for now, fuel cells fail to compete withtraditional internal combustion engines (ICE). One of the reasonis their limited durability and reliability compared to ICE whichhave a lifespan of around 8000h. One solution to improve fuelcell durability is to optimize the PEMFC operating conditions.This is possible by implementing an embedded fault tolerantcontrol in the vehicle control system. In this context, this paperpresents a Modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (MFMEA)for PEMFCs. An FMEA is an engineering tool that lists all failuremodes a system can experience in a table. In this table, rankingsdefine the criticality that the failure has for the system. In thisarticle, a MFMEA is used as a fault tolerant control apparatus.For this, the MFMEA is coupled with a diagnosis tool. From theresults provided by the diagnosis tool, the MFMEA evaluatesthe criticality of the failure by calculating a Risk Profile Number(RPN). Afterwards, corrective actions are proposed based on theRPN valu

Fuel cell diagnosis methods for embedded automotive applications

International audienceFuel cell durability being one of the technical bolts regarding the technology industrialization in the automotive sector, durabilityimprovement methods are particularly relevant. Fault tolerant control process enables to increase fuel cell durability by detecting and correcting fuel cell faults in real time. Fuel cells are prone to faults because they are very sensitive to operating conditions. In vehicle application, fault risk is exacerbated as dynamic conditions are often encountered. Dynamic conditions make the fuel cell control harder because it impacts reactants supply, thermal management, water management… If not corrected, those faults degrade the fuel cell and reduce its remaining useful lifetime , <p&gtFault tolerant control consists in diagnosing faults, then taking corrective actions to resolve those faults. This article treats the diagnosis part, which consists in detecting and identifying faults, in vehicle application. Vehicle applications engender several constraints as the reduced cost, the hydrogen usage and computation limitations or the safety regulations for algorithms implementation. Three steps are necessary for diagnosis: real time measurements, useful information extraction, and classification. In this article, a state-of-the-art of methods for each of these steps independently is presented. In the lastsection, useful explanations to convert offline diagnosis algorithm into an embedded diagnosis tool are provided

Approche multidisciplinaire d’un cas de fusion incisive centrale maxillaire avec un « talon cusp »

Fusion et gémination sont des termes qui décrivent les « dents doubles » et représentent des défis thérapeutiques. Le cas clinique d’un garçon âgé de 8 ans, normodivergent, classe I DDM, présentant une fusion de l’incisive centrale maxillaire droite avec deux dents surnuméraires (une supplémentaire et un talon cusp) est décrit. La prise en charge chirurgicale par résection, restauration esthétique puis traitement orthodontique d’alignement dentaire et le traitement endodontique conservateur de l’incisive centrale maxillaire droite sont présentés

Fuel Cell prognosis using particle filter: application to the automotive sector

International audiencePrognosis and Health Management is a powerful approach in the quest to improve fuel cell durability. Prognosis is applied to quantify and predict the fuel cell state of health. By assessing the state of health, fuel cell operating conditions can be adapted to reduce its degradation rate. The objective of this paper is to present a fuel cell prognosis method. An empirical model separating membrane and catalyst degradation is adopted. The model coefficients are estimated using a particle filter. The prediction results are encouraging as the fuel cell voltage can be accurately estimated and predicted. The prognosis method presented in this paper is trained and validated using proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack data, going through a dynamic load profile. This novel experimental data has been generated at Sintef Laboratory, on an automotive fuel cell short stack provided by Symbio

Fuel Cell prognosis using particle filter: application to the automotive sector

International audiencePrognosis and Health Management is a powerful approach in the quest to improve fuel cell durability. Prognosis is applied to quantify and predict the fuel cell state of health. By assessing the state of health, fuel cell operating conditions can be adapted to reduce its degradation rate. The objective of this paper is to present a fuel cell prognosis method. An empirical model separating membrane and catalyst degradation is adopted. The model coefficients are estimated using a particle filter. The prediction results are encouraging as the fuel cell voltage can be accurately estimated and predicted. The prognosis method presented in this paper is trained and validated using proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack data, going through a dynamic load profile. This novel experimental data has been generated at Sintef Laboratory, on an automotive fuel cell short stack provided by Symbio

Density functional conformational study of 2‐O‐sulfated 3,6 anhydro‐α‐D‐galactose and of neo‐κ‐ and ι‐carrabiose molecules in gas phase and water

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