Noise Exponents of the Random Resistor Network

We consider the critical properties of the two-point resistance and its fluctuations due to microscopic noise in a randomly diluted resistor network near the percolation threshold pc. We introduce a n×m replicated Hamiltonian in order to treat separately the configuration average over the randomly occupied bonds denoted [ ]av and the average over probability distribution function of the fluctuating microscopic bond conductance, denoted { }f. We evaluate a family of exponents {ψl} (l=2,3,. . .) whose values are 1+O(ε) with ε=6-d where d is the spatial dimensionality. Each ψl governs the critical behavior of the lth cumulant of the resistance between the sites x,x’ conditionally averaged subject to the sites being in the same cluster such that C¯R (l)(x,x’)~‖x-x\u27‖ψl/vp for p near pc, where νp is the correlation-length exponent for percolation. Furthermore, ψ2=1+ε/105 determines the dependence of the variance of the resistance in a finite network on size L as Lψ2/vp

BRD7 improves glucose homeostasis independent of IRS proteins

Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) has emerged as a player in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Hepatic BRD7 levels are decreased in obese mice, and the reinstatement of hepatic BRD7 in obese mice has been shown to establish euglycemia and improve glucose homeostasis. Of note, the upregulation of hepatic BRD7 levels activates the AKT cascade in response to insulin without enhancing the sensitivity of the insulin receptor (InsR)-insulin receptor substrate (IRS) axis. In this report, we provide evidence for the existence of an alternative insulin signaling pathway that operates independently of IRS proteins and demonstrate the involvement of BRD7 in this pathway. To investigate the involvement of BRD7 as a downstream component of InsR, we utilized liver-specific InsR knockout mice. Additionally, we employed liver-specific IRS1/2 knockout mice to examine the requirement of IRS1/2 for the action of BRD7. Our investigation of glucose metabolism parameters and insulin signaling unveiled the significance of InsR activation in mediating BRD7's effect on glucose homeostasis in the liver. Moreover, we identified an interaction between BRD7 and InsR. Notably, our findings indicate that IRS1/2 is not necessary for BRD7's regulation of glucose metabolism, particularly in the context of obesity. The upregulation of hepatic BRD7 significantly reduces blood glucose levels and restores glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-challenged liver-specific IRS1/2 knockout mice. These findings highlight the presence of an alternative insulin signaling pathway that operates independently of IRS1/2 and offer novel insights into the mechanisms of a previously unknown insulin signaling in obesity.Nutritional Science

Identity of the universal repulsive-core singularity with Yang-Lee edge criticality

Lattice and continuum fluid models with repulsive-core interactions typically display a dominant, critical-type singularity on the real, negative activity axis. Lai and Fisher recently suggested, mainly on numerical grounds, that this repulsive-core singularity is universal and in the same class as the Yang-Lee edge singularities, which arise above criticality at complex activities with positive real part. A general analytic demonstration of this identification is presented here using a field-theory approach with separate representation of the repulsive and attractive parts of the pair interactions.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Resultant pressure distribution pattern along the basilar membrane in the spiral shaped cochlea

Cochlea is an important auditory organ in the inner ear. In most mammals, it is coiled as a spiral. Whether this specific shape influences hearing is still an open problem. By employing a three dimensional fluid model of the cochlea with an idealized geometry, the influence of the spiral geometry of the cochlea is examined. We obtain solutions of the model through a conformal transformation in a long-wave approximation. Our results show that the net pressure acting on the basilar membrane is not uniform along its spanwise direction. Also, it is shown that the location of the maximum of the spanwise pressure difference in the axial direction has a mode dependence. In the simplest pattern, the present result is consistent with the previous theory based on the WKB-like approximation [D. Manoussaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 088701(2006)]. In this mode, the pressure difference in the spanwise direction is a monotonic function of the distance from the apex and the normal velocity across the channel width is zero. Thus in the lowest order approximation, we can neglect the existance of the Reissner's membrane in the upper channel. However, higher responsive modes show different behavior and, thus, the real maximum is expected to be located not exactly at the apex, but at a position determined by the spiral geometry of the cochlea and the width of the cochlear duct. In these modes, the spanwise normal velocities are not zero. Thus, it indicates that one should take into account of the detailed geometry of the cochlear duct for a more quantitative result. The present result clearly demonstrates that not only the spiral geometry, but also the geometry of the cochlear duct play decisive roles in distributing the wave energy.Comment: 21 pages. (to appear in J. Biol. Phys.

Processes of Strain Crossover between Dual-Earner Couples

Many working individuals are part of a dyadic relationship (e.g., couple). Experiences of one member of the dyad are linked not only to individual outcomes but also to the partner’s outcomes. Using 330 Korean matched dual-income couples, this study investigated a phenomenon where strains due to work and family demands cross over between working spouses. Drawing upon Westman’s (2001) theory of crossover, this study supported indirect crossover mechanisms via two types of interpersonal interactions using Structural Equation Modeling analysis based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. First, one’s strain was positively related to one’s own social undermining behaviors directed at his/her spouse, which in turn influenced the spouse’s strain level. Second, one’s strain was negatively related to one’s own social support behaviors toward his/her spouse, which in turn also affected the strain level of the spouse. These two indirect crossover effects were not significantly different between the two directions from husbands to wives and from wives to husbands. Thus, the gender differences in crossover were not supported. As the interdependent stress experiences between working spouses naturally occur in their relationships, current examination of strain crossover in couple dyads provides more realistic insights into stress processes. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed

Processes of Strain Crossover between Dual-Earner Couples

Many working individuals are part of a dyadic relationship (e.g., couple). Experiences of one member of the dyad are linked not only to individual outcomes but also to the partner’s outcomes. Using 330 Korean matched dual-income couples, this study investigated a phenomenon where strains due to work and family demands cross over between working spouses. Drawing upon Westman’s (2001) theory of crossover, this study supported indirect crossover mechanisms via two types of interpersonal interactions using Structural Equation Modeling analysis based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. First, one’s strain was positively related to one’s own social undermining behaviors directed at his/her spouse, which in turn influenced the spouse’s strain level. Second, one’s strain was negatively related to one’s own social support behaviors toward his/her spouse, which in turn also affected the strain level of the spouse. These two indirect crossover effects were not significantly different between the two directions from husbands to wives and from wives to husbands. Thus, the gender differences in crossover were not supported. As the interdependent stress experiences between working spouses naturally occur in their relationships, current examination of strain crossover in couple dyads provides more realistic insights into stress processes. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed

Daily Cyber Incivility and Distress: The Moderating Roles of Resources at Work and Home

Given that many employees use e-mail for work communication on a daily basis, this study examined within-person relationships between day-level incivility via work e-mail (cyber incivility) and employee outcomes. Using resource-based theories, we examined two resources (i.e., job control, psychological detachment from work) that may alleviate the effects of cyber incivility on distress. Daily survey data collected over 4 consecutive workdays from 96 employees were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Results showed that on days when employees experienced cyber incivility, they reported higher affective and physical distress at the end of the workday that, in turn, was associated with higher distress the next morning. Job control attenuated the concurrent relationships between cyber incivility and both types of distress at work, while psychological detachment from work in the evening weakened the lagged relationships between end-of-workday distress and distress the following morning. These findings shed light on cyber incivility as a daily stressor and on the importance of resources in both the work and home domains that can help reduce the incivility-related stress process. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed