Chemoselective Activities of Fe(III) Catalysts in the Hydrofunctionalization of Allenes

A range of tetrahydropyrans and piperidines were produced by Fe(III)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination reactions of allenes. Various Fe catalysts with different counterions were tested. Their activities toward allene and alkene activation depended sensitively on their counterion and reaction conditions. Mechanistic study of the reaction intermediates found a new reaction pattern involving the Fe catalysts and diene substrates

The Association between Continuity of Care and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study, 2005-2012

<div><p>Background</p><p>The disease burden is increasing for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to increasing of the growth rate of prevalence and mortality. But the empirical researches are a little for COPD that studied the association between continuity of care and death and about predictors effect on mortality.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To investigate the association between continuity of care (COC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality and to identify other mortality-related factors in COPD patients.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We conducted a longitudinal, population-based retrospective cohort study in adult patients with COPD from 2002 to 2012 using a nationwide health insurance claims database. The study sample included individuals aged 40 years and over who developed COPD in 2005 and survived until 2006. We performed a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with COC analyzed as a time-dependent covariate.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 3,090 participants, 60.8% died before the end of study (N = 1,879). The median years of survival for individuals with high COC (COC index≥0.75) was 3.92, and that for patients with low COC (COC index<0.75) was 2.58 in a Kaplan Meier analysis. In a multivariate, time-dependent analysis, low COC was associated with a 22% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09–1.36). Not receiving oxygen therapy at home was associated with a 23% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01–1.49). Moreover, the risk of all-cause mortality for individuals who admitted one time increased 38% (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.21–1.59), two times was 63% (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.34–1.99) and 3+ times was 96% (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.63–2.36) relative to the reference group (no admission).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>High COC was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, home oxygen therapy and number of hospital admissions may predict mortality in patients with COPD.</p></div

Additional file 1 of Impact of age on mortality and transfer to long-term care in patients in an intensive care unit

Supplementary Material

Clinical factors associated with a positive TST through univariate and multivariate analyses during the two-step period.

<p>TST, tuberculin skin test; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; TB, tuberculosis; CXR, simple chest radiography; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>*<p>Data could not be obtained for two participants.</p>$<p>Technicians were defined as technical employees performing radiologic, laboratory, pathologic, and physiotherapeutic services.</p

Clinical factors associated with a boosted TST reaction.

<p>TST, tuberculin skin test; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; TB, tuberculosis; CXR, simple chest radiography.</p>*<p>Data could not be obtained for one participant.</p>$<p>Technicians were defined as technical employees performing radiologic, laboratory, pathologic, and physiotherapeutic services.</p

Comparison of CT-Determined Pulmonary Artery Diameter, Aortic Diameter, and Their Ratio in Healthy and Diverse Clinical Conditions

<div><p>Background</p><p>The main pulmonary artery diameter (mPA), aortic diameter (Ao), and the mPA/Ao ratio, easily measured using chest computed tomography (CT), provide information that enables the diagnosis and evaluation of cardiopulmonary diseases. Here, we used CT to determine the sex- and age-specific distribution of normal reference values for mPA, Ao, and mPA/Ao ratio in an adult Korean population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Data from non-contrast, ECG-gated, coronary-calcium-scoring CT images of 2,547 individuals who visited the Health Screening Center of the Severance Hospital were analyzed. Healthy individuals (n = 813) included those who do not have hypertension, diabetes, asthma, obstructive lung disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, smoking, obesity, and abnormal CT findings. Both mPA and Ao were measured at the level of bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery.</p><p>Results</p><p>The mean mPA and Ao were 25.9 mm and 30.0 mm in healthy participants, respectively, while the mean mPA/Ao ratio was 0.87. Medical conditions associated with a larger mPA were male, obesity, smoking history, hypertension, and diabetes. A larger mPA/Ao ratio was associated with female, the obese, non-smoker, normotensive, and normal serum level of lipids, while a smaller mPA/Ao ratio was associated with older age. In healthy individuals, the 90th percentile sex-specific mPA, Ao, and mPA/Ao ratio were, 31.3 mm (95% CI 29.9–32.2), 36.8 mm (95% CI 35.7–37.5), and 1.05 (95% CI 0.99–1.07) in males, and 29.6 mm (95% CI 29.1–30.2), 34.5 mm (95% CI 34.1–34.9), and 1.03 (95% CI 1.02–1.06) in females, respectively.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>In the Korean population, the mean mPA reference values in male and female were 26.5 mm and 25.8 mm, respectively, while the mean mPA/Ao ratio was 0.87. These values were influenced by a variety of underlying medical conditions.</p></div

Clinical factors associated with a positive TST by univariate and multivariate analyses during the one-step period.

<p>TST, tuberculin skin test; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; TB, tuberculosis; CXR, simple chest radiography; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p>*<p>Data could not be obtained for six participants.</p>$<p>Technicians are defined as technical employees performing radiologic, laboratory, pathologic, and physiotherapeutic services.</p

Baseline characteristics of participants.

<p>BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; TB, tuberculosis; CXR, simple chest radiography; TST, tuberculin skin test.</p>*<p>Data could not be obtained for eight participants.</p>$<p>Technicians were defined as technical employees performing radiologic, laboratory, pathologic, and physiotherapeutic services.</p

Trend of TST positivity according to age.

<p>Trend of TST positivity according to age.</p

Median years of survival, stratified according to COC, which was treated as a time-dependent covariate (n = 3,090).

<p>(G) Plot for patients with newly diagnosed COPD over 6 years of follow-up using Breslow method; COC^† <0.75-Median 2.58 yrs; COC^† ≥0.75-Median 3.92 yrs. (H) Adjusted Cox’s proportional hazards regression plot: COC^† <0.75- Median 2.92 yrs; COC^† ≥0.75; Median 4.00 yrs. †, Continuity of care.</p