U.S v. City of Indianapolis

U_S__v__City_of_Indianapolis_ABBYY.pdf: 45 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Team-oriented process programming

Team-oriented process programming promises to provide significant support for the planning, directing, and controlling of software engineering projects. In this paper we apply process programming to software engineering teams and show how this can provide powerful new capabilities for the management of software projects. We identify key issues which must be addressed to apply process programming to teams, and present our vision for team-oriented process programming

Graph models for reachability analysis of concurrent programs

Reachability analysis is an attractive technique for analysis of concurrent programs because it is simple and relatively straightforward to automate, and can be used in conjunction with model-checking procedures to check for application-specific as well as general properties. Several techniques have been proposed differing mainly on the model used; some of these propose the use of flowgraph based models, some others of Petri nets.This paper addresses the question: What essential difference does it make, if any, what sort of finite-state model we extract from program texts for purposes of reachability analysis? How do they differ in expressive power, decision power, or accuracy? Since each is intended to model synchronization structure while abstracting away other features, one would expect them to be roughly equivalent.We confirm that there is no essential semantic difference between the most well known models proposed in the literature by providing algorithms for translation among these models. This implies that the choice of model rests on other factors, including convenience and efficiency.Since combinatorial explosion is the primary impediment to application of reachability analysis, a particular concern in choosing a model is facilitating divide-and-conquer analysis of large programs. Recently, much interest in finite-state verification systems has centered on algebraic theories of concurrency. Yeh and Young have exploited algebraic structure to decompose reachability analysis based on a flowgraph model. The semantic equivalence of graph and Petri net based models suggests that one ought to be able to apply a similar strategy for decomposing Petri nets. We show this is indeed possible through application of category theory

Tetrazoles in heterocyclic synthesis

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Serial Persistence in Equity REIT Returns

Annual and monthly REIT returns display statistically significant serial persistence, although the two types of persistence behavior are qualitatively different. By contrast, quarterly REIT returns do not display serial persistence. This strongly suggests that linear multifactor market models cannot describe REIT investment behavior. Annual REIT returns fail to reflect corresponding persistence behavior in underlying real estate returns precisely when the REITs are large enough to attract institutional investor interest. Institutional investors move in and out of large-capitalization REITs in ways that negatively impact investment returns.

The Magnitude of Random Appraisal Error in Commercial Real Estate Valuation

Analysis of more than seven hundred pairs of simultaneous independent appraisals of institutional-grade commercial properties shows that the standard deviation of the random component of appraisal error is approximately 2%. Random appraisal error appears constant across both time and the institutional-grade investment universe, except during infrequent periods of real estate market gridlock. Most appraisal error is deterministic in nature, even though it usually appears random in routine cross-sectional analysis. Such appraisal error can be constrained and reduced by investment management control systems.

Systematic Behavior in Real Estate Investment Risk: Performance Persistence in NCREIF Returns

Serial dependence of total annual returns in the NCREIF database is shown to be statistically significant in the first and fourth quartiles of disaggregated data between 1978 and 1994. More precisely, superior performance is generally followed by continued superior performance, and inferior performance is generally followed by continued inferior performance. In contrast, there is virtually no evidence to support serial dependence in the second or third quartiles, whether combined or taken separately. The empirical rejection of serial independence among real estate returns calls into question the conclusions of research based upon models that incorporate the assumption of serial independence.

COW-CALF PRODUCERS' PERCEIVED PROFIT MAXIMIZATION OBJECTIVE: A LOGIT ANALYSIS

A logistic regression (logit) model was developed to examine how socioeconomic characteristics of cow-calf producers influenced their perceptions of themselves as profit maximizers. Amount of pasture acreage, percent of income earned from the cow-calf operation, and desire to increase net worth and efficiently use labor significantly increased the producer's probability of claiming to be in the business primarily to maximize profits. Some sociological reasons for owning cattle significantly reduced the probability of the producer claiming to be a profit maximizer while others significantly increased the probability.Livestock Production/Industries,