Changes in proportions of isolates of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli during the study period.

<p>ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.</p><p>*<i>P</i>-value is for odds ratio (comparison with reference category I or III).</p><p>**<i>P</i>-value is for logistic model.</p

Changes in antibiotic use during the study period.

<p>AUD, antimicrobial use density; the number of defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days.</p><p>*<i>P</i>-values were determined using Kruskal-Wallis tests.</p>a,b,c<p>Same letters indicate statistical insignificance based on multiple comparisons performed using Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney tests.</p

Trends of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolates (%) and carbapenem use (AUD, defined daily dose per 1,000 patient-days) during the study period.

<p>Trends of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolates (%) and carbapenem use (AUD, defined daily dose per 1,000 patient-days) during the study period.</p

Linear-regression models with autoregressive errors used for examining the effects of carbapenem use on the susceptibility of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> to carbapenems.

<p>AR 1, first-order autoregressive errors.</p