Relationship between recombinant protein expression and host metabolome as determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy - Fig 3

<p><b>(a) PCA scores plot.</b> I (triangle), N (+), and S (x) represent samples expressing inclusion bodies, none, and soluble proteins, respectively. The source of the sample was denoted with 2-letter abbreviations: at, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>; ce, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>; cm, <i>Cyanidioschyzon merolae</i>; dr, <i>Danio rerio</i>; gs, <i>Galdieria sulphuraria</i>; hs, <i>Homo sapiens</i>; mm, <i>Mus musculus</i>; pp, <i>Photinus pyralis</i>; rn, <i>Rattus norvegicus</i>; sc, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. <b>(b) Biplot along the first and second principal component axes.</b> For better visibility, only the following metabolites were selected to avoid crowdedness: A, alanine; aK, N-acetyllysine; aki, alphaketoisovalerate; ap, acetylphosphate; b, betaine; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; gp, glycerol-3-phosphate; o, ornithine; V, valine.</p

Relationship between recombinant protein expression and host metabolome as determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy - Fig 2

<p><b>(a) ROI view of the representative resonances of identified metabolites. (b) Barchart representation of ROI view.</b> Averages of metabolites within each group were converted to vertical bars with corresponding standard error bars.</p

Low-frequency region of the two-dimensional ¹H-¹³C HSQC spectrum of a sample (A1 of WG2137).

<p>Assigned resonances are labeled.</p

Amphiphilic Thiol Functional Linker Mediated Sustainable Anti-Biofouling Ultrafiltration Nanocomposite Comprising a Silver Nanoparticles and Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Membrane

We develop sustainable anti-biofouling ultrafiltration membrane nanocomposites by covalently immobilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto poly­(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane mediated by a thiol-end functional amphiphilic block copolymer linker. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) measurements reveal that the AgNPs are highly bound and dispersed to the PVDF membrane due to the strong affinity of the AgNPs with the thiol-modified block copolymeric linkers, which have been anchored to the PVDF membrane. The membrane performs well under water permeability and particle rejection measurements, despite the high deposition of AgNPs on the surface of membrane. The Ag-PVDF membrane nanocomposite significantly inhibits the growth of bacteria on the membrane surface, resulting in enhanced anti-biofouling property. Importantly, the AgNPs are not released from the membrane surface due to the robust covalent bond between the AgNPs and the thiolated PVDF membrane. The stability of the membrane nanocomposite ensures a sustainable anti-biofouling activity of the membrane