Studie zum Eingangsbereich - Formvarianten und Bedeutung gezeigt am Beispiel von Wohnhochhäusern (1953-1969) in West-Berlin

Architektur ist eine Kunst, die dem Gebrauchzweck dient; sie formt Raum, in dem wir leben und schafft den äußeren Rahmen um unser Dasein. Den Schlüssel für den Gebrauch der Architektur liefert der Eingang, durch ihn erschließt sich das Gebäude als umbauter Raum. Allerdings ist das Problem der Erschließung des Gebäudes nicht einfach damit getan, daß man zwischen dem Innen- und Außenraum eine Öffnung herstellt, was diese Frage auf eine einfache technische Lösung reduzieren würde. Über den Gebrauchzweck hinaus ist der Eingangsbereich der Ort, an dem die Gegensätze zwischen Innen und Außen hart aufeinander stoßen. Je nach Beschaffenheit des Eingangs ändern sich die charakteristischen Merkmale jedes einzeln. Es ist damit der Ort eines entscheidend wichtigen Architekturerlebnisses. Das heißt, daß das gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Bild sich im Eingangsbereich widerspiegeln soll, und die angemessene Strukturbildung im Eingangsbereich das Anknüpfen der Identitätsgefühle an die bauliche Umgebung fördern und informationsästhetischen Ansatz zeigen kann. Die Wohnform von Hochhäusern ist eine bereits akzeptierte Lebensform in den Großstädten. In West-Berlin, wie in fast allen westdeutschen Großstädten, wurde nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg der Bau von Hochhäusern stark vorangetrieben. Von 1953 bis 1969 erlangten die Wohnhochhäuser im sozialen Wohnungsbau eine Schlüsselbedeutung. In diesem Zeitraum ergab sich wesentlich eine negative Wirkung aus den minimalen ökonomischen und gestalterischen Aufwand der Erschließungsräume; Probleme hinsichtlich Kommunikation, Distanzierung trotz Nähe, Identität des Zuhauses und dem daraus resultierenden Vandalismus. Im Wohnungsbau ist der Eingangsbereich ein wichtiger Teil als eine öffentliche Einrichtung, die jeder Bewohner in Anspruch nimmt. Die Bewohner sammeln die Architekturerlebnisse an jedem Ort, und sie wandeln sich allmählich in Gesamtbild, das die Identität dieses Orts erhält. Diese Identität, die uns beim Zurückkehren von der wilden Anonymität das Sicherheitsgefühl der Gebundenheit schenkt. Die Eigenschaften von Eingängen im Allgemeinen, die Einflußfaktoren auf den Eingangsbereich, der unterschiedliche Charakter des Eingangsbereiches hinsichtlich der Bautypen, der Eingangsbereich von Wohnbaten und seine Elemente; sie sind die unverzichtbare Grundlagen der Eingangsbereiche. Anhand dieser Erkenntnisse können die Bestandsaufnahme und Analyse der Eingangsbereiche von Wohnhochhäusern in Wedt-Berlin durchgeführt werden. Daraus resultieren typologische Übersichten und Charakteristika des Eingangsbereiches von betrachteten Wohnhochhäusern in West-Berlin. Als das Fazit der Untersuchungen können die Eingangsbereiche von betrachteten Wohnhochhäusern in West-Berlin mit diesen Ergebnissen bewertet und daher die gestalterischen Prinzipien für die Überlegung der Umgestaltungsmöglichkeiten empfohlen werden

Electric field control of nonvolatile four-state magnetization at room temperature

We find the realization of large converse magnetoelectric (ME) effects at room temperature in a multiferroic hexaferrite Ba$_{0.52}$Sr$_{2.48}$Co$_{2}$Fe$_{24}$O$_{41}$ single crystal, in which rapid change of electric polarization in low magnetic fields (about 5 mT) is coined to a large ME susceptibility of 3200 ps/m. The modulation of magnetization then reaches up to 0.62 $\mu$$_{B}$/f.u. in an electric field of 1.14 MV/m. We find further that four ME states induced by different ME poling exhibit unique, nonvolatile magnetization versus electric field curves, which can be approximately described by an effective free energy with a distinct set of ME coefficients

The efficacy of preoperative PET/CT for prediction of curability in surgery for locally advanced gastric carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The benefits of preoperative ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT for gastric cancer remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preoperative ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT on the surgical strategy for locally advanced gastric cancer retrospectively.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>From January 2007 to November 2008, ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT was performed in 142 patients who had been diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer by computed tomography or gastrofiberscope findings.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Detection rates were 88.7% (126/142) for primary tumors and 24.6% (35/142) for local lymph nodes (LN). Nine patients with metastatic lesions underwent induction chemotherapy without operation. Of 133 patients subjected to operation, positive FDG uptake in primary tumors (<it>p </it>= 0.047) and local lymph nodes (<it>p </it>< 0.001) was related to non-curable operations. The mean standard uptake value (SUV) of primary tumors of patients who underwent non-curable operations was significantly higher than that of patients with curable operations (<it>p </it>= 0.001). When the SUV was greater than 5 and FDG uptake of LN was positive, non-curable operations were predicted with a sensitivity of 35.2%, a specificity of 91.0% and an accuracy of 76.7%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>High SUV of the primary tumor and positive FDG uptake in local lymph nodes at PET/CT could predict non-curative resection in locally advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, information from preoperative PET/CT can help physician decisions regarding other modalities without laparotomy.</p

Revised Subjects of the Current Korean Oriental Pharmacists' Licensing Examination

This study is designed to draw out new integrated subjects of the Korean Oriental Pharmacists' Licensing Examination (KOPLE). In 2004, for the revision of subjects, we have analyzed the curriculums of the Oriental Pharmacy department, the oriental pharmacist's (OP's) job description book, and the elementary items of KOPLE. We also examined the system of the Chinese Herb Pharmacists' Examination and other health personnel licensing examinations and studied the data of items and compared them with KOPLE. We heard the public opinion on the present KOPLE. We developed a subfield of 18 subjects, a middle category of 188 items, and a small category of 1,026 items. We proposed a new KOPLE that consists of three subjects: basic oriental pharmacy, applied oriental pharmacy, and laws and regulations

High-resolution analysis of condition-specific regulatory modules in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A novel approach for identifying condition-specific regulatory modules in yeast reveals functionally distinct coregulated submodules

Dental stem cell therapy with calcium hydroxide in dental pulp capping

Calcium hydroxide has been extensively and steadily used for direct pulp capping in modern clinical dentistry. As it was known to have potential to induce hard tissue repair, this chemical has been applied to the exposed dental pulp and the hard tissue is expected to be regenerated above the pulp. During the reparative process of exposed pulp, primary odontoblasts that were lost as a result of extensive damage are replaced with newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells. This process is known to follow the sequential steps of proliferation, migration, and differentiation of progenitor cells. This research will examine the relationship between calcium hydroxide and the recruitment, proliferation, and mineralization of postnatal dental stem cells, obtained from an immature dental tissue of beagle dogs. Immunocytochemical staining and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to identify the putative stem cell markers. Immunoblot analysis, wound healing assay, cell migration assay, and alizarin red staining were used to evaluate proliferation, migration, and mineralization capacity of the calcium hydroxide-treated stem cells. As an in vivo study, a combination of calcium hydroxide and autologous dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was applied for the treatment of intentionally created tooth defects on the premolars and the molars in beagle dogs to observe dentin regeneration. Ex vivo expanded DPSCs and periodontal ligament stem cells expressed STRO-1 and CD146, the mesenchymal stem cell markers. It was evident that calcium hydroxide increased recruitment, migration, proliferation, and mineralization of the DPSCs and periodontal ligament stem cells. Such results are valuable for future availability of DPSCs, which are recently focused as the stem cell reservoir for regeneration of dentin upon tooth injury, as well as for elucidation of the role of calcium hydroxide in pulp capping therapy.This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. 2009-0066366) to Pill-Hoon Choung and by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Republic of Korea, through the Musculoskeletal Bioorgans Center Program (no. 0405-BO01-0204-0006)

Imidazole-Based Excited-State Intramolecular Proton-Transfer (ESIPT) Materials: Observation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TDF)

We report the first observation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TDF) from an excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) molecule, a hydroxyl-substituted tetraphenyl imidazole derivative (HPI−Ac), in degassed solutions as well as in low-temperature organic matrixes. In the absence of oxygen, the blue emission of an identical spectral feature was observed in the nanosecond (∼4.4 ns) and microsecond (∼25 μs) time domains, and the fluorescence intensity increased with temperature. From the temperature dependence of the time-resolved spectra of HPI−Ac, the energy gap between the first-excited singlet state and the lowest triplet state was determined to be 7.6 ± 0.3 kJ/mol (630 ± 25 cm^(-1)), and the limiting rate constant of intrinsic reverse intersystem crossing was estimated to be 1.3 (±0.5) × 10^7 s^(-1)

Catalytic pyrolysis of Laminaria japonica over nanoporous catalysts using Py-GC/MS

The catalytic pyrolysis of Laminaria japonica was carried out over a hierarchical meso-MFI zeolite (Meso-MFI) and nanoporous Al-MCM-48 using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The effect of the catalyst type on the product distribution and chemical composition of the bio-oil was examined using Py-GC/MS. The Meso-MFI exhibited a higher activity in deoxygenation and aromatization during the catalytic pyrolysis of L. japonica. Meanwhile, the catalytic activity of Al-MCM-48 was lower than that of Meso-MFI due to its weak acidity

Treatment of Idiopathic Persistent Hiccups with Positive Pressure Ventilation -A Case Report-

A 41-year-old male patient presented with idiopathic persistent hiccups. The hiccups did not respond to pharmacologic treatments including cisapride, omeprazole, and baclofen. Phrenic nerve block was also ineffective. However, the persistent hiccups were successfully treated with short-term positive pressure ventilation using a short-acting muscle relaxant