3D printing technology in process enginnering

Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na technologii 3D tisku a její využití v procesní technice. Uvádí existující technologie aditivní výroby, popisuje jejich principy a uvádí používané materiály. Následně se práce zaměřuje na FDM metodu a na konstrukční řešení takové tiskárny. Ve výpočtové části této práci je uvedena metoda výpočtu výkonu pro natavení drátu.This bachelor thesis focuses on 3D printing technology and its usage in process engineering. Usher existing technologies of additive manufacturing, describes the principles behind these technologies and ushers materials used with these technologies. Afterwards the thesis focuses on the FDM technology and on the design of a such 3D printing machine. In the computational part of this thesis a method of calculation of power output needed to melt the plastic is described

Correlation between ΔMPV_72h-adm and variables.

<p>Correlation between ΔMPV_72h-adm and variables.</p

Trends in the platelet indices during the first 72 hours.

<p>Trends in the platelet indices during the first 72 hours.</p

Baseline clinical characteristics and biochemical variables according to the occurrence of 28-day all-cause mortality.

<p>Baseline clinical characteristics and biochemical variables according to the occurrence of 28-day all-cause mortality.</p

Flow diagram of study patients.

<p>From November 2001 to December 2011, 451 patients who received early-goal directed therapy (EGDT) in the emergency department (ED) were assessed for possible enrollment according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 345 patients were included in the final analysis.</p

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of baseline MPV and ΔMPV_72h-adm for 28-day all-cause mortality.

<p>Area under the curve (AUC) of baseline MPV and ΔMPV_72h-adm were 0.653 and 0.698, respectively.</p

Clinical usefulness of the Oxford classification in determining immunosuppressive treatment in IgA nephropathy

<p><b>Background:</b> The Oxford classification has been widely used in IgA nephropathy. However, its clinical usefulness of determining immunosuppression is unknown.</p> <p><b>Aim:</b> Whether the Oxford classification could predict the development of proteinuria ≥1 g/g Cr and worsening kidney function, as well as the clinical efficacy of corticosteroid treatment according to each histologic variable of the Oxford-MEST.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We included 377 patients with early-stage IgA nephropathy. The study endpoints were the development of a heavy proteinuria and a decline renal function.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The results showed that among the Oxford-MEST lesions, only M1 predicted the risk of the development of proteinuria ≥1.0 g/g Cr compared to other lesions in a time-varying Cox model adjusted for multiple confounding factors. In addition, the risk of reaching a 30% decline in eGFR was significantly higher in patients with M1 than in those with M0. Furthermore, patients with M1 had a greater decline of eGFR than patients with M0. However, steroid treatment in M1 lesion was not associated with improving clinical outcomes in the unmatched and propensity score matched cohort.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> This finding may provide a rationale for using the Oxford classification as a guidance to initiate immunosuppression in the early stages of IgA nephropathy.KEY MESSAGES</p><p>M1 has independently predictive role among the Oxford lesions in IgA nephropathy.</p><p>Oxford classification should be defined during pathologic approach.</p><p>Decision of starting immunosuppression according to the Oxford lesions.</p><p></p> <p>M1 has independently predictive role among the Oxford lesions in IgA nephropathy.</p> <p>Oxford classification should be defined during pathologic approach.</p> <p>Decision of starting immunosuppression according to the Oxford lesions.</p

Changes in eGFR, CKD stage, proteinuria, and blood pressure.

<p>Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TA-P, time-averaged proteinuria.</p

Patient characteristics according to time-averaged proteinuria.

<p>All data are expressed as mean ± SD or</p>†<p>median (and interquartile range).</p><p>*Statistical analyses were done using chi-square tests.</p><p>Abbreviations: TA-SBP, time-averaged systolic blood pressure; TA-DBP, time-averaged diastolic blood pressure; TA-MAP, time-averaged mean arterial pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; S-Cr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; UPCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; ARR, absolute renal risk.</p

Clinical outcomes according to time-averaged proteinuria.

<p>Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease.</p