Catch Shares in Action: Samoan Safata District Customary User Rights Program

The Samoan Customary User Rights System is an area-based catch share program that formalizes the customary fishing rights of native communities. Authorized by legislative reforms, fishing communities voluntarily establish and manage Territorial Use Rights for Fishing (TURFs) in traditional fishing areas. The program has been designed to meet the goals of sustainable resource use and empowering villages in fishery management. Key design features include the active participation of the Samoan government in guiding the creation and management of TURFs and the integration of traditional management practices to achieve sustainability. In Safata District, community members have established a district-wide TURF with a network of no-take reserves to increase biological performance and sustain local livelihoods into the future

Catch Shares in Action: Spanish Galicia Goose Barnacle Cofradía System

The Spanish Galicia Goose Barnacle Cofradía System was implemented to manage the highly lucrative goose barnacle fishery. Program goals were focused on reducing overfishing and restoring profitability. The program codified traditional fishing guilds, known as cofradías , as co-managers by granting them secure and exclusive privileges to harvest goose barnacles within clearly defined fishing areas and requiring them to responsibly manage the resource. A key program innovation is the use of on-site fisheries ecologists to conduct scientific monitoring, set appropriate mortality controls and adaptively manage mortality controls within season to ensure sustainable goose barnacle populations

Catch Shares in Action: Argentine Individual Transferable Quota Program

The Argentine Individual Transferable Quota Program manages four of the country's most commercially important species by allocating quota to individual vessels under a single catch share program. Program goals focus on long-term stock conservation, the maximization of domestic employment and the promotion of social stability. As distinct fleets target each species, managers have incorporated special design features within the program to meet each fishery's needs. Quota set-asides give managers the flexibility to address fishery-specific social and biological goals, while the multi-criteria allocation process incentivizes investment in the domestic economy and compliance with fishing regulations

Catch Shares in Action: Peruvian Anchoveta Northern-Central Stock Individual Vessel Quota Program

The Peruvian Anchoveta Northern-Central Stock Individual Vessel Quota Program is a catch share program that manages the largest volume fishery in the world. The goals of the program were focused on the economic improvement of the fishery through reduction of fleet capacity and lengthening of the fishing season. Additional biological and social goals were identified and seen as vital to ensure program success. Key design elements include restrictions on transferability to help limit consolidation and an industrysponsored social fund to assist with crew retirement and labor transition. To reflect the short-lived nature of anchoveta, management is structured into two fishing seasons per year. Each year, a five million metric ton reserve of anchoveta biomass is set aside to promote long term stock health

Defationary truth and truth-aptness illuminated by language and norms: Paul Horwich, Huw Price, and Michael Lynch

In contemporary epistemology there is a movement toward deflationary understandings of core philosophical concepts. Prominent among these is the concept of truth. This thesis examines contemporary deflationary theories of truth, such as those of Paul Horwich and Huw Price. I argue that while Horwich’s canonical deflationary approach is by itself insufficient as a complete theory of truth, Price’s minimal, pragmatic, theory of truth points toward a combination that is prima facie satisfactory. Once this new approach has been established, I will use Michael Lynch’s recent functionalist theory of truth to examine the questions of what we want from a theory of truth and what it means to have a theory of something. Lastly, I shall use the example of vegetarianism as a test case for the theory of truth I propose. I will argue that the proposed theory of truth can both apply to the particular ethical vegetarian claim and that, in doing so, it provides resources for viewing ethical discourse as generally truth-apt

Balancing of a Small Satellite Attitude Control Simlator on an Air Bearing

This paper discusses the balancing of a ground-based satellite simulator. The simulator uses an air bearing as the primary method for the emulation of the frictionless environment of space. Of particular concern for accurate simulation is system balancing. \u27Balancing\u27 refers to the process of moving the center of mass(CM) of the simulator near to the center of rotation(CR) of the air-bearing to reduce the interference of gravitational torques. This paper develops an automatic balancing system for the simulator. This system calculates the system center of mass by analyzing the dynamic sensor data along with the integrated equations of motion. The algorithm uses the method of least squares to estimate the vector from the center of rotation to the center of mass. The center of mass of the simulator is then moved near to the center of rotation by means of movable masses that are adjusted to the correct location. The algorithm is able move the center of mass to a location closer than two hundredths of a millimeter from the center of rotation. This adjustment increases the period of oscillation of the simulator to more than 60 seconds