The Development of the Protocol for Advancing Inclusive Teaching Efforts (PAITE)

Inclusive teaching is instruction that fosters a sense of belonging, is equitable for a diverse student body, and shows students that they matter. Inclusivity is associated with positive student outcomes and is critical at institutions of higher education given the diversity of student populations. While there are a number of recommended practices for inclusive teaching, valid and reliable classroom observation tools that provide instructors with formative feedback on their instructional efforts are lacking. This article describes the development of the Protocol for Advancing Inclusive Teaching Efforts (PAITE). The PAITE was developed for formative purposes to provide higher education instructors with formative feedback on observable inclusive teaching practices. The protocol can be used by peer observers, educational developers, student pedagogical partners, and educational researchers in higher education classrooms. We describe the creation of the protocol, how to prepare observers to use it within classrooms, and how instructors can use the feedback to monitor and improve their inclusive teaching approaches

Tit comparative effects of mulligan traction straight leg raise versus muscle energy technique on pain intensity and hamstring tightness in patient with knee osteoarthritis

Objective: To determine the comparative effects of mulligan traction straight leg raise versus muscle energy technique on pain intensity and hamstring tightness in patient with knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: The design of this study was randomized clinical trial.  Data was collected from Physiotherapy Clinics, the University of Faisalabad. The sample size was of 36 subjects. Informed consent was signed by all participants. Participants were included in study by considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were divided randomly by lottery method into two groups, group A (mulligan traction straight legs raise technique) and group B (Muscle energy technique). Total treatment was of 4 weeks.  Outcomes measures tool were, VAS (visual analogue scale) for pain intensity and Oxford knee score (OKS) for disability. Active Knee Extension test was used to assess hamstring flexibility. Results: Mean Age of the group A participants were 53.89±5.76 and group B age 56.39±5.78. MET group was more effective in improving knee function rather that mulligan group (42.6±4.3 vs 34.3±5.1 with p value .000) similarly. MET group was more effective in improving hamstring flexibility and in pain reduction her that mulligan group (17.1±3.6 vs 24.6±4.7 with p value .000; 1.4±.5 vs3.4±.8 with p value .000)

Comparison between rood inhibitory approach and bobath reflex inhibiting patterns to improve gross motor function and reduce spasticity in hemiplegic children of encephalitis

Objectives: To compare the effects of Rood Inhibitory approach and Bobath Reflex Inhibiting pattern to improve Gross motor Function and reduce spasticity in Hemiplegic Children of Encephalitis. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted comprising of 22 patients recruited from different clinics of Faisalabad. Participants from both genders, in age range from 08-12 years were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. Treatment group A received Rood inhibitory approach and treatment group B received Bobath Reflex inhibiting pattern. Measurement of Modified Ashworth scale were recorded at pre-treatment and weekly for 4 weeks, while (GMFM-88 and GMFM- 66) was assessed at baseline and at end of 4th week. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Result:  Mean age in Group A was 10.00+1.673 years and in Group B was 9.82+1.537 years. Total 11 were male and 11 were female. There was significant improvement in mean MAS score at 2nd week, 3rd week and 4th week post treatment readings (p value < 0.05). There was significant improvement in mean (GMFM-88 and GMFM- 66) at 4th week post treatment readings (p value < 0.05).&nbsp