2,311 research outputs found
Finding a consensus between philosophy of applied and social sciences: A case of biology of human rights
This paper is an attempt to provide an adequate theoretical framework to understand the biological basis of human rights. We argue that the skepticism about human rights is increasing especially among the most rational, innovative and productive community of intellectuals belonging to the applied sciences. By using examples of embryonic stem cell research, a clash between applied scientists and legal scientists cum human rights activists has been highlighted. After an extensive literature review, this paper concludes that the advances in applied sciences proven by empirical evidence should not be restricted by normative theories and philosophies of the social sciences. If we agree on these premises that Human Rights are biological, then biology can provide a framework of cooperation for social and applied scientists
Capital Mobility, Foreign Aid, and Openness: A Reappraisal
Payne and Kumazawa (2005) examine the effect of domestic savings, foreign aid, the evolution of capital mobility over time, and openness on investment rates using a panel of sub-Saharan African countries. They find that capital mobility has increased over time and that foreign aid and openness positively impact investment. We extend their work by accounting for business cycle effects and endogeneity issues. Accounting for these factors does not qualitatively change their findings except that we find a substantially larger impact of foreign aid in supporting domestic investment.
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Improving the network transmission cost of differentiated web services
This paper investigates into the transmission cost of web services related messages which is affected by network
latency. Web services enable seamless interaction and integration of e-business applications. Web services contain a
collection of operations so as to interact with outside world over the Internet through XML messaging. Though XML
effectively describe message related information and is fairly human readable, it badly affects the performance of Web
services in terms of transmission cost, processing cost, and so on. This paper aims to minimize network latency of message
communication of Web services by employing pre-emptive resume scheduling. Fundamental principle of this approach is the
provision of preferential treatment to some messages as compared to others. This approach assigns different priorities to
distinct classes of messages given the fact that some messages may tolerate longer delays than others. For instance, shorter
messages may be given higher priority than longer messages, or the Web service provider may give higher priority to the
messages of paying subscribers
Poverty, political freedom, and the roots of terrorism in developing countries: An empirical assessment
This paper finds that political freedom has a significant and non-linear effect on domestic terrorism, but this effect is not significant in the case of transnational terrorism. Some of our other novel findings are that while geography and fractionalization may limit a county’s ability to curb terrorism, the presence of strong legal institutions deters it. ; Earlier title: "What spurs terrorism in developing nations?"Terrorism
Do donors care about declining trade revenue from liberalization? an analysis of bilateral aid allocation
Many developing-country governments rely heavily on trade tax revenue. Therefore, trade liberalization can be a potential source of significant fiscal instability and may affect government spending on development activities-at least in the short run. This article investigates whether donors use aid to compensate recipient nations for lost trade revenue or perhaps to reward them for moving toward freer trade regimes. The authors do not find empirical evidence supporting such motives. This is of some concern because binding government revenue constraints may hinder development prospects of some poorer nations. The authors use fixed effects to control for the usual political, strategic, and other considerations for aid allocations.
Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: Reconciling human rights with legal rights of robots
With the advancement of artificial intelligence and humanoid robotics and an ongoing debate between human rights and rule of law, moral philosophers, legal and political scientists are facing difficulties to answer the questions like, “Do humanoid robots have same rights as of humans and if these rights are superior to human rights or not and why?” This paper argues that the sustainability of human rights will be under question because, in near future the scientists (considerably the most rational people) will be the biggest critics of the human rights. Whereas to make artificial intelligence sustainable, it is very important to reconcile it with human rights. Above all, there is a need to find a consensus between human rights and robotics rights in the framework of our established legal systems
Should Easier Access to International Credit Replace Foreign Aid?
We examine the interaction between foreign aid and binding borrowing constraint for a recipient country. We also analyze how these two instruments affect economic growth via non-linear relationships. First of all, we develop a two-country, two-period trade-theoretic model to develop testable hypotheses and then we use dynamic panel analysis to test those hypotheses empirically. Our main findings are that: (i) better access to international credit for a recipient country reduces the amount of foreign aid it receives, and (ii) there is a critical level of international financial transfer, and the marginal effect of foreign aid is larger than that of loans if and only if the transfer (loans or foreign aid) is below this critical level.foreign aid, foreign loans, borrowing constraint, economic growth, fungibility, public input
Strong Gravitational Lensing by Kiselev Black Hole
We investigate the gravitational lensing scenario due to Schwarzschild-like
black hole surrounded by quintessence (Kiselev black hole). We work for the
special case of Kiselev black hole where we take the state parameter
. For the detailed derivation and analysis of the bending
angle involved in the deflection of light, we discuss three special cases of
Kiselev black hole: non-extreme, extreme and naked singularity. We also
calculate the approximate bending angle and compare it with exact bending
angle. We found the relation of bending angles in the decreasing order as:
naked singularity, extreme Kiselev black hole, non-extreme Kiselev black hole
and Schwarzschild black hole. In the weak field approximation, we compute the
position and total magnification of relativistic images as well
Should easier access to international credit replace foreign aid?
We examine the interaction between foreign aid and binding borrowing constraint for a recipient country. We also analyze how these two instruments affect economic growth via non-linear relationships. First of all, we develop a two-country, two-period trade-theoretic model to develop testable hypotheses and then we use dynamic panel analysis to test those hypotheses empirically. Our main findings are that: (i) better access to international credit for a recipient country reduces the amount of foreign aid it receives, and (ii) there is a critical level of international financial transfer, and the marginal effect of foreign aid is larger than that of loans if and only if the transfer (loans or foreign aid) is below this critical level.Foreign aid program
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