2,789 research outputs found
Dissemination of Regenerative Medicine in Japan: Promoting commercialization under the regulatory system
Though Japan has surpassed South Korea in terms of research and development (R&D) in the area of regenerative medicine, South Korea has been more successful at commercialization. This paper focuses on the setup and operation of actual systems that consider the promotion of regenerative medicine in Japan. Analysis of the regulatory systems in Japan and South Korea shows a clear difference between the two countries, although their systems are basically the same. There are two pathways for applying unapproved drugs in clinical research, including regenerative medicine, to human subjects in Japan, whereas there is only one pathway in South Korea, where the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) is the only authority through which approval can be obtained. Japan has an additional pathway besides approval through the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), if the clinical research is conducted within the framework of the Medical Practitioners Law.
Domain Adaptive Transfer Attack (DATA)-based Segmentation Networks for Building Extraction from Aerial Images
Semantic segmentation models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
have gained much attention in relation to remote sensing and have achieved
remarkable performance for the extraction of buildings from high-resolution
aerial images. However, the issue of limited generalization for unseen images
remains. When there is a domain gap between the training and test datasets,
CNN-based segmentation models trained by a training dataset fail to segment
buildings for the test dataset. In this paper, we propose segmentation networks
based on a domain adaptive transfer attack (DATA) scheme for building
extraction from aerial images. The proposed system combines the domain transfer
and adversarial attack concepts. Based on the DATA scheme, the distribution of
the input images can be shifted to that of the target images while turning
images into adversarial examples against a target network. Defending
adversarial examples adapted to the target domain can overcome the performance
degradation due to the domain gap and increase the robustness of the
segmentation model. Cross-dataset experiments and the ablation study are
conducted for the three different datasets: the Inria aerial image labeling
dataset, the Massachusetts building dataset, and the WHU East Asia dataset.
Compared to the performance of the segmentation network without the DATA
scheme, the proposed method shows improvements in the overall IoU. Moreover, it
is verified that the proposed method outperforms even when compared to feature
adaptation (FA) and output space adaptation (OSA).Comment: 11pages, 12 figure
Strangeness-driven Exploration in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Efficient exploration strategy is one of essential issues in cooperative
multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms requiring complex
coordination. In this study, we introduce a new exploration method with the
strangeness that can be easily incorporated into any centralized training and
decentralized execution (CTDE)-based MARL algorithms. The strangeness refers to
the degree of unfamiliarity of the observations that an agent visits. In order
to give the observation strangeness a global perspective, it is also augmented
with the the degree of unfamiliarity of the visited entire state. The
exploration bonus is obtained from the strangeness and the proposed exploration
method is not much affected by stochastic transitions commonly observed in MARL
tasks. To prevent a high exploration bonus from making the MARL training
insensitive to extrinsic rewards, we also propose a separate action-value
function trained by both extrinsic reward and exploration bonus, on which a
behavioral policy to generate transitions is designed based. It makes the
CTDE-based MARL algorithms more stable when they are used with an exploration
method. Through a comparative evaluation in didactic examples and the StarCraft
Multi-Agent Challenge, we show that the proposed exploration method achieves
significant performance improvement in the CTDE-based MARL algorithms.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
mtCO1-based population structure and genetic diversity of Pacific oyster *Crassostrea gigas* populations acquired from two farms in South Korea
Since the early 1990s in South Korea, climatic and anthropogenic factors have incurred the reduction of the wild seeds of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, which raised concerns about losing genetic diversity and accelerating genetic deterioration. We assessed the genetic diversity of C. gigas populations from two farms (Tongyeong and Gadeokdo) on the southern coast, where about 80% of the cultivated oysters in Korea are produced. Tongyeong showed slightly higher diversity than Gadeokdo, but both populations had a similar genetic structure characterized by low nucleotide diversity. Comparative haplotype analyses provided data supporting genetic features of the populations that include (1) weak genotype-locality relationship, (2) low levels of gene flow between populations, and (3) possible seasonal fluctuation of genetic variation within a population. Furthermore, the highly alike haplotype network patterns were observed between the wild and farm populations as well as among the populations in neighboring countries, which suggests that the genetic structure is conserved between wild and hatchery populations, and geographic proximity has minimal influence on the genetic composition
mtCO1-based population structure and genetic diversity of Pacific oyster \u3ci\u3eCrassostrea gigas\u3c/i\u3e populations acquired from two farms in South Korea
Since the early 1990s in South Korea, climatic and anthropogenic factors have incurred the reduction of the wild seeds of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, which raised concerns about losing genetic diversity and accelerating genetic deterioration. We assessed the genetic diversity of C. gigas populations from two farms (Tongyeong and Gadeokdo) on the southern coast, where about 80% of the cultivated oysters in Korea are produced. Tongyeong showed slightly higher diversity than Gadeokdo, but both populations had a similar genetic structure characterized by low nucleotide diversity. Comparative haplotype analyses provided data supporting genetic features of the populations that include (1) weak genotype-locality relationship, (2) low levels of gene flow between populations, and (3) possible seasonal fluctuation of genetic variation within a population. Furthermore, the highly alike haplotype network patterns were observed between the wild and farm populations as well as among the populations in neighboring countries, which suggests that the genetic structure is conserved between wild and hatchery populations, and geographic proximity has minimal influence on the genetic composition
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