6-Methyl-2-p-tolyl-4-[3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]pyridazin-3(2H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C19H15F3N2O, the benzene rings of the tolyl and trifluoro­methyl­phenyl groups form dihedral angles of 64.1 (2) and 38.5 (2)°, respectively, with the pyridazine ring. The CF3 group is disordered over two orientations, with site-occupancy factors of ca 0.56 and 0.44

Exchange-biased hybrid gamma-Fe2O3/NiO core-shell nanostructures:three-step synthesis, microstructure, and magnetic properties

A two-step solvothermal method combining a calcination process was conducted to synthesize gamma-Fe2O3/NiO core-shell nanostructures with controlled microstructure. The formation mechanism of this binary system has been discussed, and the influence of microstructures on magnetic properties has been analyzed in detail. Microstructural characterizations reveal that the NiO shells consisted of many irregular nanosheets with disordered orientations and monocrystalline structures, packed on the surface of the gamma-Fe2O3 microspheres. Both the grain size and NiO content of nanostructures increase with the increasing calcination temperature from 300 degrees C to 400 degrees C, accompanied by an enhancement of the compactness of NiO shells. Magnetic studies indicate that their magnetic properties are determined by four factors: the size effect, NiO phase content, interface microstructure, i.e. contact mode, area, roughness and compactness, and FM-AFM (where FM and AFM denote the ferromagnetic gamma-Fe2O3 and the antiferromagnetic NiO components, respectively) coupling effect. At 5 K, the gamma-Fe2O3/NiO core-shell nanostructures display certain exchange bias (H-E = 60 Oe) and enhanced coercivity (H-C = 213 Oe)

The Immediate Economic Impact of Maternal Deaths on Rural Chinese Households

OBJECTIVE: To identify the immediate economic impact of maternal death on rural Chinese households. METHODS: Results are reported from a study that matched 195 households who had suffered a maternal death to 384 households that experienced a childbirth without maternal death in rural areas of three provinces in China, using quantitative questionnaire to compare differences of direct and indirect costs between two groups. FINDINGS: The direct costs of a maternal death were significantly higher than the costs of a childbirth without a maternal death (US$4,119 vs.$370, p<0.001). More than 40% of the direct costs were attributed to funeral expenses. Hospitalization and emergency care expenses were the largest proportion of non-funeral direct costs and were higher in households with maternal death than the comparison group (US$2,248 vs.$305, p<0.001). To cover most of the high direct costs, 44.1% of affected households utilized compensation from hospitals, and the rest affected households (55.9%) utilized borrowing money or taking loans as major source of money to offset direct costs. The median economic burden of the direct (and non-reimbursed) costs of a maternal death was quite high--37.0% of the household's annual income, which was approximately 4 times as high as the threshold for an expense being considered catastrophic. CONCLUSION: The immediate direct costs of maternal deaths are extremely catastrophic for the rural Chinese households in three provinces studied

Methyl 3-(4-{6-methyl-4-[3-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]pyridazin-3-yl­oxy}phen­yl)propanoate

In the title compound, C22H19F3N2O3, the benzene rings of the trifluoro­methyl­phenyl and benzoyl­phenyl groups form dihedral angles of 41.89 (10) and 67.44 (10)°, respectively, with the pyridazine ring. The methyl­propanoate group is nearly coplanar with the attached benzene ring [dihedral angle = 3.9 (2)°]. The trifluoro­methyl group is disordered over two positions; the site-occupancy factors are ca 0.64 and 0.36. In the crystal structure, inversion-related mol­ecules are linked through C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions