Paired Activating and Inhibitory Immunoglobulin-like Receptors, MAIR-I and MAIR-II, Regulate Mast Cell and Macrophage Activation

Immune responses are regulated by opposing positive and negative signals triggered by the interaction of activating and inhibitory cell surface receptors with their ligands. Here, we describe novel paired activating and inhibitory immunoglobulin-like receptors, designated myeloid-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (MAIR) I and MAIR-II, whose extracellular domains are highly conserved by each other. MAIR-I, expressed on the majority of myeloid cells, including macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, and dendritic cells, contains the tyrosine-based sorting motif and the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-like sequences in the cytoplasmic domain and mediates endocytosis of the receptor and inhibition of IgE-mediated degranulation from mast cells. On the other hand, MAIR-II, expressed on subsets of peritoneal macrophages and B cells, associates with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-bearing adaptor DAP12 and stimulates proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine secretions from macrophages. Thus, MAIR-I and MAIR-II play important regulatory roles in cell signaling and immune responses

作業療法面接場面からみた統合失調症患者のパーソナル・スペース

パーソナル・スペースは、他者から不快な刺激を感じないための個人が持つ空間領域である. 統合失調症患者のパーソナル・スペースは健常者より広いといわれている. 本研究の目的は、30代女性の作業療法士に対する、統合失調症の患者のパーソナル・スペースは、健常な被験者と比較して大きいことを立証することである. 方法は、作業療法の面接場面において被験者の着座位置を実測し、面接者からの距離と角度を被験者のパーソナル・スペースとして検証した. 被験者が着座した位置の距離は、統合失調症患者群は健常者群より有意に遠かった. また角度は、統合失調症患者群は健常者群より、有意に面接者に対して正面方向ではない角度であった. 統合失調症患者は、健常者より面接者との距離を大きく取り、視線をさけることが示唆された. そのため、なじみでない統合失調症患者と接する際には、距離と視線に配慮して接することが重要である.Personal space is the area individuals maintain around themselves into which others cannot intrude without arousing discomfort. It has been reported that personal space is larger in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. The purpose of this study is to prove that the personal space of patients with schizophrenia is larger than that of healthy controls in an interview scene of occupational therapy. We examined subject\u27s sitting position in an interview setting. The distance from a female occupational therapist(OTR) and the angle from OTR\u27s head orientation were measured and defined as subject\u27s personal space. The distance from OTR was significantly longer in schizophrenia patient group than that of control group. The angle of from OTR\u27s head orientation was also significantly larger in the patient group. The results suggest that patients with schizophrenia may maintain personal space keeping a longer distance and avoiding eye contact from a therapist. Therefore, understanding a characteristic of personal space in patients with schizophrenia may help a therapist to make an interpersonal relation in occupational therapy settings