レキシテキ ニンゲンガク カラ ミタ ニホン ノ シンタイ ブンカ : ベルリン ジユウ ダイガク デノ コクサイ ワーク ショップ ニホン ノ シンタイ ブンカ カタ ト ソノ ブンカ オウダンテキ デンタツ ホウコク ロンブン 1

Am 22. September 2008 führten Hirota und Ishida die internationale Werkstatt "Japanische Kultur -durch 'KATA'(Form/Muster) erleben" in der Freien Universität Berlin durch. An diesem Tag gab es ungefähr 20 Teilnehmer: Professor Ch. Wulf und die 'Historische Anthropologie' Studenten/innen，die einige Übungen erfuhren. In unserer Werkstatt haben sie erst unter Leitung von Ishida die Schwertkunst，Stockkunst und Aikido erfahren. Dann hat Hirota ihnen einigen Bewegungsübung als japanische kulturelle Essenz angeboten. Dieser Artikel besteht aus einem Bericht dieser Werkstatt und dem Nachdenken von KATA，sonst (1) ist der Teil von Ishida

Influence of Active Fingertip Contact with a Stable Surface on Postural Sway and Electromyographic Activities of the Lower Extremity Muscles Immediately after Descending a Step

Recent studies have shown that active contact cues from a fingertip provide information that leads to reduced postural sway during static standing. Although the falling risk increases immediately after descending a step, little is known about the influence of active fingertip contact with a stable surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fingertip contact on the sway and the EMG (Electromyographic) activities of lower extremity muscles immediately after descending a step. Nine healthy male volunteers participated in this study. Sway was measured by the center of pressure (COP) and compared under three conditions: (1) standing without touching, (2) standing with the right index fingertip lightly touching (<1N), and (3) standing forcefully touching (5~10N). EMG activities were measured associated with sway and compared. More areas of COP were observed while standing without touching than while standing with light or forceful touching, but there was no significant difference between the two touching conditions. No significant differences in the length of COP and the EMG activities were observed among the three conditions. The results suggested that the fingertip touch contact with a stable surface decreased sway immediately after descending a step by finely controlling the lower extremity muscles

A primary thymic adenocarcinoma with two components that traced distinct evolutionary trajectories

Even though it is a rare subtype, identifying the genetic features of thymic adenocarcinoma is valuable for a multifaceted understanding of thymic epithelial tumors. We experienced a female patient with thymic adenocarcinoma associated with thymic cysts. The tumor consisted of a solid whitish lesion (lesion-1) and a large cystic lesion with small papillary nodules (lesion-2). Microscopically, lesion-1 exhibited poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma accompanying numerous inflammatory cell infiltrates, and lesion-2 (the nodules within the cystic lesion) exhibited enteric-type adenocarcinoma. Consistent with the histological difference, whole-exome sequencing revealed that these two components exhibited distinct genetic features, except for only a few shared mutations, including CDKN2A truncation. Lesion-1 exhibited microsatellite instability-high signature with high mutation burden, for which immune checkpoint inhibitors might apply; and lesion-2 exhibited whole-genome doubling with KRAS hotspot mutation. Our case presents novel genetic features of thymic adenocarcinoma and demonstrates that distinct mutational processes can be operative within a single tumor

キョウイク ニオケル タシャ ナル シンタイ : ベルリン ジユウ ダイガク デノ コクサイ ワーク ショップ ニホン ノ シンタイ ブンカ カタ ト ソノ ブンカ オウダンテキ デンタツ ホウコク ロンブン 2

Am 22. September 2008 führten Hirota und Ishida die internationale Werkstatt "Japanische Kultur -durch 'KATA'(Form/Muster) erleben" in der Freien Universität Berlin durch. An diesem Tag gab es ungefähr 20 Teilnehmer: Professor Ch. Wulf und die "Historische Anthropologie"Studenten/innen，die einige Übungen erfuhren. In unserer Werkstatt haben sie erst unter Leitung von Ishida die Schwertkunst，Stockkunst und Aikido erfahren. Dann hat Hirota ihnen einigen Bewegungsübung als japanische kulturelle Essenz angeboten. Dieser Artikel besteht aus einem Bericht und Nachdenken dieser Werkstatt，sonst (2) ist der Teil von Hirota. Weiterhin werden dem Artikel der Eindruck und eine Überlegung zu der Werkstatt von Staudacher，die eine Teilnehmerin dort war，beigefügt

A case of Langerhans cell sarcoma on the scalp: Whole‐exome sequencing reveals a role of ultraviolet in the pathogenesis

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a high‐grade neoplasm with overtly malignant cytological features and a Langerhans cell phenotype. The underlying genetic features are poorly understood, and only a few alterations, such as those of the MARK pathway‐related genes, CDKN2A and TP53 have been reported. Here we present a 70‐year‐old male with LCS on the scalp and pulmonary metastasis. The multinodular tumor, 3.0 cm in diameter, consisted of diffusely proliferated pleomorphic cells with numerous mitoses (53/10 HPFs). Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD1a, Langerin and PD‐L1, and the Ki‐67 labeling index was 50%. These pathological features were consistent with LCS, and were also observed in the metastatic tumor. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed that both the primary and metastatic tumors harbored a large number of mutations (>20 mutations/megabase), with deletion of CDKN2A and TP53 mutation, and highlighted that the mutational signature was predominantly characteristic of ultraviolet (UV) exposure (W = 0.828). Our results suggest, for the first time, that DNA damage by UV could accumulate in Langerhans cells and play a role in the pathogenesis of LCS. The high mutational burden and PD‐L1 expression in the tumor would provide a rationale for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of unresectable LCS

Integrin Inhibitor Suppresses Bevacizumab-Induced Glioma Invasion

Glioblastoma is known to secrete high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and clinical studies with bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to VEGF, have demonstrated convincing therapeutic benefits in glioblastoma patients. However, its induction of invasive proliferation has also been reported. We examined the effects of treatment with cilengitide, an integrin inhibitor, on bevacizumab-induced invasive changes in glioma. U87 Delta EGFR cells were stereotactically injected into the brain of nude mice or rats. Five days after tumor implantation, cilengitide and bevacizumab were administered intraperitoneally three times a week. At 18 days after tumor implantation, the brains were removed and observed histopathologically. Next, the bevacizumab and cilengitide combination group was compared to the bevacizumab monotherapy group using microarray analysis. Bevacizumab treatment led to increased cell invasion in spite of decreased angiogenesis. When the rats were treated with a combination of bevacizumab and cilengitide, the depth of tumor invasion was significantly less than with only bevacizumab. Pathway analysis demonstrated the inhibition of invasion-associated genes such as the integrin-mediated cell adhesion pathway in the combination group. This study showed that the combination of bevacizumab with cilengitide exerted its anti-invasive effect. The elucidation of this mechanism might contribute to the treatment of bevacizumab-refractory glioma