Squaring Algorithm Efficient for Cubic Extension Field Derived with Pseudo Gauss Period Normal Basis

Recently, pairing–based cryptographies have attracted much attention. For fast pairing calculation, not only pairing algorithms but also arithmetic operations in extension field should be efficient. Especially for final exponentiation included in pairing calculation, squaring is more important than multiplication. This paper considers squaring algorithms efficient for cubic extension field which is often used for pairing implementaions

Role of the Small GTPase Rho3 in Golgi/Endosome Trafficking through Functional Interaction with Adaptin in Fission Yeast

BACKGROUND: We had previously identified the mutant allele of apm1(+) that encodes a homolog of the mammalian µ1A subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor protein-1 (AP-1) complex, and we demonstrated the role of Apm1 in Golgi/endosome trafficking, secretion, and vacuole fusion in fission yeast. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present study, we isolated rho3(+), which encodes a Rho-family small GTPase, an important regulator of exocystosis, as a multicopy-suppressor of the temperature-sensitive growth of the apm1-1 mutant cells. Overexpression of Rho3 suppressed the Cl(-) sensitivity and immunosuppressant sensitivity of the apm1-1 mutant cells. Overexpression of Rho3 also suppressed the fragmentation of vacuoles, and the accumulation of v-SNARE Syb1 in Golgi/endosomes and partially suppressed the defective secretion associated with apm1-deletion cells. Notably, electron microscopic observation of the rho3-deletion cells revealed the accumulation of abnormal Golgi-like structures, vacuole fragmentation, and accumulation of secretory vesicles; these phenotypes were very similar to those of the apm1-deletion cells. Furthermore, the rho3-deletion cells and apm1-deletion cells showed very similar phenotypic characteristics, including the sensitivity to the immunosuppressant FK506, the cell wall-damaging agent micafungin, Cl(-), and valproic acid. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Rho3 was localized at Golgi/endosomes as well as the plasma membrane and division site. Finally, Rho3 was shown to form a complex with Apm1 as well as with other subunits of the clathrin-associated AP-1 complex in a GTP- and effector domain-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Taken together, our findings reveal a novel role of Rho3 in the regulation of Golgi/endosome trafficking and suggest that clathrin-associated adaptor protein-1 and Rho3 co-ordinate in intracellular transport in fission yeast. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of a direct link between the small GTPase Rho and the clathrin-associated adaptor protein-1 in membrane trafficking

Amino-Functionalization of Vinyl-Substituted Aromatic Diimides by Quantitative and Catalyst-Free Hydroamination

Development of facile and versatile synthetic tools for decorating π-conjugated molecules has attracted considerable interest because of their potential application in creating novel π-electron materials. Reported herein are quantitative catalyst-free hydroamination reactions of a series of aromatic diimide compounds having vinyl groups at the π-core, which have been confirmed by NMR, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, mass analysis, and single crystal X-ray structural analysis. Kinetic studies revealed that the hydroamination reaction of a vinyl-substituted naphthalenediimide with an aliphatic amine proceeded rapidly under benign conditions. Similary, the two vinyl groups attached to aromatic diimides reacted with amines simultaneously, resulting in the formation of amine bisadducts and macromolecules

Increase in Chymase-Positive Mast Cells in Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma and Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland

Incomplete excision of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) may result in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA). Furthermore, long-term neglected PA may become carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA). In the present study, the relationships between mast cell-derived chymase and these tumors were examined. The tumor tissues of PA consisted of either or both glandular and fibrotic structures. Histological features of RPA were almost similar to those of PA, except that they showed multinodular structures. CXPA is composed of a mixture of PA and carcinoma. The main stromal cells in PA were myofibroblasts, whereas fibroblasts constituted the main cellular portion in the stromal tissue of RPA. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were present abundantly in CXPA. With increased VEGF expression, neovascularization tended to increase in RPA or CXPA. Compared with PA, chymase-positive mast cells, as well as chymase gene expression, were increased in the tumor tissues from patients with RPA or CXPA. SCF, TGFβ1, and PCNA-positive staining was widely observed in these tumor tissues. The above results suggest that mast cell-derived chymase through its direct or cooperative effects with other mediators may participate in the pathophysiology of RPA and CXPA

Prenatal radiation-induced brain damage related to memory impairment

The immature brain in the central nervous system is sensitive to ionizing radiation, and develops, at a later adult stage, disorders including mental retardation, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and cognitive dysfunction. The relationship between an impairment of spatial cognition and a merge of ectopic neurons in the dorsal hippocampus was investigated in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to X-ray irradiation. Adult rats receiving 1.5 Gy X-rays at embryonic day 15 (E15) showed significant learning disability in the water-maze task. According to the mean value of the swimming time, we categorized the irradiated adult rats into the following three groups: slightly damaged group, mildly damaged group and severely damaged group, but no significant difference in the brain weight was found between the three categorized groups. Ectopic neurons appearing at abnormal places were prominently observed in the dorsal hippocampus of the severely damaged group with a remarkable learning disturbance. Furthermore, to test whether the morphological deficiency of hippocampus in the severely damaged group affects hippocampal function, we examined neural activity in hippocampal slices prepared from prenatal exposure to X-rays in rats. The spatial pattern of neural activity toward and through CA1 of the severely damaged group was similar to that of the control rat, the response was distinctly weaker, producing less voltage spread and amplitude. These finding suggest that the cognitive dysfunction induced by prenatal exposure to X-ray irradiation may be attributable to ectopic neurons of the hippocampus and the reduction of hippocampal neural activity.14th International Congress of Radiation Research (ICRR2011

An Osteochondroma Limiting Flexion of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis: a Case Report

We describe a patient in which an osteochondroma, which resulted from hereditary multiple exostoses, limited flexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint at birth. The tumor grew over the original distal head of the proximal phalanx, and the early appearance of a second ossification center on the base of the middle phalanx was observed. The mass was removed surgically when the patient was 17 months old. There was an improvement in the range of motion at a follow-up evaluation 3 years later. The tumor shape and the growth of the affected PIP joint are examined in detail