Elliptically oscillating solutions in Abelian-Higgs model and electromagnetic property

The elliptically oscillating solutions in the Abelian Higgs-model are presented and the classical massive-dispersion-relation through the non-linear dynamics is discussed. The generated massive-dispersion-relation including a field value of the scalar field is derived as the consequence of the equation of motions. We discuss the property of the new solutions and its Hamiltonian density. In addition, we calculate the electromagnetic property of the system, in particular, we derive the relation between the field value and the electric field and the electric current-density.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Comparison of coronary hemodynamics in patients with internal mammary artery and saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: A noninvasive approach using combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography

AbstractBlood flow in bypass grafts and recipient left anterior descending coronary arteries was evaluated with combined two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in 15 patients with an internal mammary artery graft and in 24 patients with a saphenous vein graft. Comparative studies of coronary hemodynamics were also performed regarding these two different grafting techniques.The graft vessel was detected in 11 (79%) of 14 patients with an internal mammary artery graft and in 20 (87%) of 23 with a saphenous vein graft. The recipient left anterior descending coronary artery was detected in 10 (67%) of the former group and 17 (71%) of the latter. The blood flow patterns obtained were generally biphasic, consisting of systolic and diastolic phases with higher velocity during diastole. The maximal diastolic flow velocity in internal mammary artery grafts was much higher than that in saphenous vein grafts. In patients with an internal mammary artery graft, the flow pattern characteristics within the recipient coronary artery were quite similar to those within the arterial graft, and flow velocities within the recipient coronary artery and the arterial graft were quantitatively almost identical. This outcome may contribute to the long-term patency seen in internal mammary artery grafts.On the other hand, the flow velocity in saphenous vein grafts was fairly low throughout the cardiac cycle. Flow velocity in the recipient coronary artery in patients with a saphenous vein graft was accelerated only in early diastole. As a result, the recipient coronary artery flow pattern and velocity differed substantially from those in the saphenous vein graft. Internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts showed average diastolic peak flow velocity of 57.7 ± 9.9 and 28.0 ± 8.9 cm/s, respectively, compared with 55.1 ± 7.2 and 93.5 ± 14.7 cm/s, respectively, in the recipient coronary arteries with artery grafts and vein grafts.Thus, the Doppler method allowed us to evaluate not only the direct effects of bypass grafting on the coronary circulation, but also the differences in effects between these two different grafting techniques

Significant contribution of subseafloor microparticles to the global manganese budget

Ferromanganese minerals are widely distributed in subseafloor sediments and on the seafloor in oceanic abyssal plains. Assessing their input, formation and preservation is important for understanding the global marine manganese cycle and associated trace elements. However, the extent of ferromanganese minerals buried in subseafloor sediments remains unclear. Here we show that abundant (108–109 particles cm−3) micrometer-scale ferromanganese mineral particles (Mn-microparticles) are found in the oxic pelagic clays of the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) from the seafloor to the ~100 million-year-old sediments above the basement. Three-dimensional micro-texture, and major and trace element compositional analyses revealed that these Mn-microparticles consist of poorly crystalline ferromanganese oxides precipitating from bottom water. Based on our findings, we extrapolate that 1.5–8.8 × 1028 Mn-microparticles, accounting for 1.28–7.62 Tt of manganese, are globally present in oxic subseafloor sediments. This estimate is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the manganese budget for nodules and crusts on the seafloor. Subseafloor Mn-microparticles thus contribute significantly to the global manganese budget.This study was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Strategic Fund for Strengthening Leading-Edge Research and Development (to JAMSTEC and F.I.), the JSPS Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers (GR102 to F.I.), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (24687004 and 15H05608 to Y.M., 25871219 to G.-I.U., 15H02810 to R.W., 18H04134, 17H06458 and 17H04582 to Y.T., and 26251041 to F.I.), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (14J00199 to G.-I.U.), and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) Fund Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers (to Kochi University and G.-I.U.)

Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Dissects the Replicating Process of Pancreatic Beta Cells in Partial Pancreatectomy Model

膵臓ベータ細胞の増殖プロセスを時系列解析 --糖尿病の新規治療開発に期待--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-12-24.Heterogeneity of gene expression and rarity of replication hamper molecular analysis of β-cell mass restoration in adult pancreas. Here, we show transcriptional dynamics in β-cell replication process by single-cell RNA sequencing of murine pancreas with or without partial pancreatectomy. We observed heterogeneity of Ins1-expressing β-cells and identified the one cluster as replicating β-cells with high expression of cell proliferation markers Pcna and Mki67. We also recapitulated cell cycle transition accompanied with switching expression of cyclins and E2F transcription factors. Both transient activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress responders like Atf6 and Hspa5 and elevated expression of tumor suppressors like Trp53, Rb1, and Brca1 and DNA damage responders like Atm, Atr, Rad51, Chek1, and Chek2 during the transition to replication associated fine balance of cell cycle progression and protection from DNA damage. Taken together, these results provide a high-resolution map depicting a sophisticated genetic circuit for replication of the β-cells

Axial anomaly in the reduced model: Higher representations

The axial anomaly arising from the fermion sector of \U(N) or \SU(N) reduced model is studied under a certain restriction of gauge field configurations (the ``\U(1) embedding'' with $N=L^d$). We use the overlap-Dirac operator and consider how the anomaly changes as a function of a gauge-group representation of the fermion. A simple argument shows that the anomaly vanishes for an irreducible representation expressed by a Young tableau whose number of boxes is a multiple of $L^2$ (such as the adjoint representation) and for a tensor-product of them. We also evaluate the anomaly for general gauge-group representations in the large $N$ limit. The large $N$ limit exhibits expected algebraic properties as the axial anomaly. Nevertheless, when the gauge group is \SU(N), it does not have a structure such as the trace of a product of traceless gauge-group generators which is expected from the corresponding gauge field theory.Comment: 21 pages, uses JHEP.cls and amsfonts.sty, the final version to appear in JHE