幼児期の座位姿勢と生活状況・遊び状況との関連

　本研究は，幼児期における座位姿勢の現状を明らかにすると共に，幼児期の座位姿勢に影響を及ぼす生活状況・遊び状況の関連要因を検討することを目的として行なった。　調査は2014 年から2016 年にかけて実施し，1 歳児クラスから5 歳児クラスの幼児を対象に，クラス担任保育者による座位姿勢評定，保護者アンケートによる家庭での生活状況・遊び状況調査を行なった。　結果，保育者の感じる座位姿勢の崩れは，1 歳児クラスからすでに2 割程度みられると共に，その後の2 年間も継続している状況が確認された。また，幼児期の座位姿勢に関連する要因として，身体活動や能動的な座位姿勢をとる制作遊びなどの遊びに関連性が認められた

Defecation Habits in Preschoolers Are Associated with Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional and Isotemporal Substitution Analysis

There is a lack of research on the relationship between defecation habits (DF) and physical activity (PA) in preschoolers. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between sedentary behaviour (SB), PA time, and DF in preschoolers and to estimate the effect of DF replacement in an isotemporal substitution (IS) model. The participants included 166 children (aged 4–6 years) attending childcare facilities. PA was measured using an accelerometer to calculate the daily activity and wearing time for SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). DF were classified based on defecation frequency and timing. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used for the IS model. One-way analysis of variance detected significant differences in MVPA between the DF groups (F(2) = 3.12, p < 0.05). According to the analysis results of the IS model, replacing 5 min of SB with MVPA resulted in improved DF (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–0.97). Conversely, replacing 5 min of MVPA with SB worsened DF (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23). The findings suggest that PA is associated with DF among preschoolers. It also indicates that replacing SB with MVPA could help improve DF in children