Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thruster with Two-Stage Electrodes On Glass Substrate

2023 IEEE 36th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 15-19 Jan. 2023.This paper reports ion emission of an ionic liquid electrospray thrustor with two-stage electrodes made on glass substrate having through hole for low-cost micro/nano satellites. By using the two-stage electrodes, one for ion extraction and the other for acceleration, high and stable ion emission and propulsion force is obtained. The emitter array was fabricated on a silicon wafer and the electrodes were fabricated on both sides of a glass substrate. The ion emission test was conducted, and the emission current was observed successfully. Almost no ions were collected on the accelerator electrode and reached to the collector electrode, which demonstrates the advantage of the two-stage configuration

Osborn Waves: History and Significance

The Osborn wave is a deflection with a dome or hump configuration occurring at the R-ST junction (J point) on the ECG (Fig. 1). In the historical view, different names have been used for this wave in the medical literature, such as “camel-hump sign”, “late delta wave”, “hathook junction”, “hypothermic wave”, “J point wave”, “K wave”, “H wave” and “current of injury”.1 Although there is no definite consensus about terminology of this wave, either “Osborn wave” or “J wave” are the most commonly used names for this wave in the current clinical and experimental cardiology. The Osborn wave can be generally observed in hypothermic patients,1,2,3,4 however, other conditions have been reported to cause Osborn waves, such as hypercalcemia,5 brain injury,6 subarachnoid hemorrhage,7 cardiopulmonary arrest from oversedation,8 vasospastic angina,9 or idiopathic ventricular fibrillation.10,11,12 Our knowledge about the link between the Osborn waves and cardiac arrhythmias remains sparse and the arrhythmogenic potential of the Osborn waves is not fully understood. In this paper, we present a historic review of Osborn waves and discuss their clinical significance in the various clinical settings

Development of a momentum vector measurement instrument in steady-state plasmas

Momentum vector measurement instrument yielding individual and simultaneous identification of local fluxes of momentum components in two different directions, i.e., vector-resolved force, is developed for understanding momentum transport in plasmas and the thrust generation mechanisms of a helicon plasma thruster. A detector plate is attached to a rotational arm connected to a pivot, which has a structure accessible to the inside of the thruster and is mounted on an axially movable balance structure. Simultaneous measurements of displacements of the rotational arm and the axially movable balance give the fluxes of the two different components of the momentum flowing into the detector surface, respectively, e.g., the radial and axial components. The detailed calibration results and the displacement signals induced by applying known forces in a bench test are shown. The results show that the presently developed technique gives resolutions of about 10 μN in the two different directions independently

Demonstration of pollinator-mediated competition between two native Impatiens species, Impatiens noli-tangere and I. textori (Balsaminaceae)

Plant–plant interspecific competition via pollinators occurs when the flowering seasons of two or more plant species overlap and the pollinator fauna is shared. Negative sexual interactions between species (reproductive interference) through improper heterospecific pollen transfer have recently been reported between native and invasive species demonstrating pollination-driven competition. We focused on two native Impatiens species (I. noli-tangere and I. textori) found in Japan and examined whether pollinator-mediated plant competition occurs between them. We demonstrate that I. noli-tangere and I. textori share the same pollination niche (i.e., flowering season, pollinator fauna, and position of pollen on the pollinator's body). In addition, heterospecific pollen grains were deposited on most stigmas of both I. noli-tangere and I. textori flowers that were situated within 2 m of flowers of the other species resulting in depressed fruit set. Further, by hand-pollination experiments, we show that when as few as 10% of the pollen grains are heterospecific, fruit set is decreased to less than half in both species. These results show that intensive pollinator-mediated competition occurs between I. noli-tangere and I. textori. This study suggests that intensive pollinator-mediated competition occurs in the wild even when interacting species are both native and not invasive.ArticleECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION. 5(6):1271-1277 (2015)journal articl

A Simple and Descriptive Assessment of Morphology Based on the Horizontal Plane of the Pediatric Head and Creation of a Normative Database in Japanese Children 6 Years Old and under: Horizontal Vector Analysis

We herein introduce horizontal vector analysis, a simple method for assessing cranial morphology based on measurement of the head’s horizontal plane, and use this method to establish normal cranial morphology in Japanese children Computed tomography scans taken in 2010-2019 in healthy Japanese children aged ≤ 6 years. The two measurement planes were parallel to the orbitomeatal plane: namely, a plane passing through the dorsum sellae (DS) and the plane superior to that with the maximal area (Max plane). A protractor was used to circumferentially measure the lengths from the central point to the outer surface of the skull. A total of 487 images were extracted. The distances between the DS and Max planes were consistently almost 30 mm for each age group, so we fixed the Max plane as the plane 30 mm superior to the DS plane. Finally, we established datasets of normal values for each age group and sex. Using these norms, perioperative evaluation of various cranial deformities could be performed more easily and circumstantially

Electrical Excitation of the Pulmonary Venous Musculature May Contribute to the Formation of the Last Component of the High Frequency Signal of the P Wave

Pulmonary veins (PVs) have been shown to play an important role in the induction and perpetuation of focal AF. Fifty-one patients with AF, and 24 patients without AF as control subjects, were enrolled in this study. Signal-averaged P-wave recording was performed, and the filtered P wave duration (FPD), the root-mean-square voltage for the last 20, 30 and 40 ms (RMS20, 30, and 40, respectively) were compared. In 7 patients with AF, these parameters were compared before and after the catheter ablation. The FPD was significantly longer and the RMS20 was smaller in the patients with AF than those without AF. Because RMS30 was widely distributed between 2 and 10 µV, the AF group was sub-divided into two groups; Group 1 was comprised of the patients with an RMS30 ≧5.0 µV, and group 2, <5.0 µV. In group 1, short-coupled PACs were more frequently documented on Holter monitoring, and exercise testing more readily induced AF. After successful electrical disconnection between the LA and PVs, each micropotential parameter was significantly attenuated. These results indicate that the high frequency signal amplitude of the last component of the P wave is relatively high in patients with AF triggered by focal repetitive excitations most likely originating from the PVs. That is, attenuation by the LA-PV electrical isolation, and thus the high frequency P signals of the last component, may contain the electrical excitation of the PV musculature

Microplasma thruster for ultra-small satellites: Plasma chemical and aerodynamical aspects*

Abstract: A microplasma thruster has been developed of electrothermal type using azimuthally symmetric microwave-excited microplasmas. The microplasma source was ∼2 mm in diameter and ∼10 mm long, being operated at around atmospheric pressures; the micronozzle was a converging-diverging type, having a throat ∼0.2 mm in diameter and ∼1 mm long. Numerical and experimental results with Ar as a working gas demonstrated that this miniature electrothermal thruster gives a thrust of &gt;1 mN, a specific impulse of ~100 s, and a thrust efficiency of ∼10 % at a microwave power of &lt;10 W, making it applicable to attitudecontrol and station-keeping maneuver for a microspacecraft of &lt;10 kg