3,904 research outputs found
Vortex jamming in superconductors and granular rheology
We demonstrate that a highly frustrated anisotropic Josephson junction
array(JJA) on a square lattice exhibits a zero-temperature jamming transition,
which shares much in common with those in granular systems. Anisotropy of the
Josephson couplings along the horizontal and vertical directions plays roles
similar to normal load or density in granular systems. We studied numerically
static and dynamic response of the system against shear, i. e. injection of
external electric current at zero temperature. Current-voltage curves at
various strength of the anisotropy exhibit universal scaling features around
the jamming point much as do the flow curves in granular rheology, shear-stress
vs shear-rate. It turns out that at zero temperature the jamming transition
occurs right at the isotropic coupling and anisotropic JJA behaves as an exotic
fragile vortex matter : it behaves as superconductor (vortex glass) into one
direction while normal conductor (vortex liquid) into the other direction even
at zero temperature. Furthermore we find a variant of the theoretical model for
the anisotropic JJA quantitatively reproduces universal master flow-curves of
the granular systems. Our results suggest an unexpected common paradigm
stretching over seemingly unrelated fields - the rheology of soft materials and
superconductivity.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. To appear in New Journal of Physic
SME Credit Risk Analysis Using Bank Lending Data: An Analysis of Thai SMEs
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of most Asian economies. The main obstacle to the development of the SME sector is the lack of stable finance. Considering the bank-dominated characteristic of economies in Asia, banks are the main source of financing, and the lack of a comprehensive credit rating database has been a bottleneck for SMEs. This paper examines how a credit rating scheme for SMEs can be developed, when access to other financial and non-financial ratios is not possible, by using data on lending by banks to SMEs. We employ statistical techniques on five variables from a sample of Thai SMEs and classify them into subgroups based on their financial health. By employing these techniques, banks could reduce information asymmetry and consequently set interest rates and lending ceilings for SMEs. This would ease financing to healthy SMEs and reduce the amount of non-performing loans to this important sector
Lattice Boltzmann simulations for flow and heat/mass transfer problems in a three-dimensional porous structure
“This is a preprint of an article published in INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS 2003; 43(2): 183–198.”ArticleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS. 43(2): 183-198 (2003)journal articl
Jet-fluid string formation and decay in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
We propose a new hadronization mechanism, jet-fluid string (JFS) formation
and decay, to understand observables in intermediate to high- regions
comprehensively. In the JFS model, hard partons produced in jet lose their
energy in traversing the QGP fluid, which is described by fully
three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. When a jet parton escapes from the
QGP fluid, it picks up a partner parton from a fluid and forms a color singlet
string, then it decays to hadrons. We find that high- values in JFS
are about two times larger than in the independent fragmentation model.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; Proceeding for poster sessions at Quark Matter
2006, Shanghai, China, 14-20 November 2006; to appear in Int. J. of Mod.
Phys.
Electromagnetic radiation due to naked singularity formation in self-similar gravitational collapse
Dynamical evolution of test fields in background geometry with a naked
singularity is an important problem relevant to the Cauchy horizon instability
and the observational signatures different from black hole formation. In this
paper we study electromagnetic perturbations generated by a given current
distribution in collapsing matter under a spherically symmetric self-similar
background. Using the Green's function method, we construct the formula to
evaluate the outgoing energy flux observed at the future null infinity. The
contributions from "quasi-normal" modes of the self-similar system as well as
"high-frequency" waves are clarified. We find a characteristic power-law time
evolution of the outgoing energy flux which appears just before naked
singularity formation, and give the criteria as to whether or not the outgoing
energy flux diverges at the future Cauchy horizon.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, references added to match the published versio
Why temperature chaos in spin glasses is hard to observe
The overlap length of a three-dimensional Ising spin glass on a cubic lattice
with Gaussian interactions has been estimated numerically by transfer matrix
methods and within a Migdal-Kadanoff renormalization group scheme. We find that
the overlap length is large, explaining why it has been difficult to observe
spin glass chaos in numerical simulations and experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure
Symmetrical Temperature-Chaos Effect with Positive and Negative Temperature Shifts in a Spin Glass
The aging in a Heisenberg-like spin glass Ag(11 at% Mn) is investigated by
measurements of the zero field cooled magnetic relaxation at a constant
temperature after small temperature shifts . A
crossover from fully accumulative to non-accumulative aging is observed, and by
converting time scales to length scales using the logarithmic growth law of the
droplet model, we find a quantitative evidence that positive and negative
temperature shifts cause an equivalent restart of aging (rejuvenation) in terms
of dynamical length scales. This result supports the existence of a unique
overlap length between a pair of equilibrium states in the spin glass system.Comment: 4 page
Rotational viscosity in ferroelectric liquid crystals estimated from transient light scattering and dielectric properties
A new method for the estimation of rotational viscosity of ferroelectric liquid crystals using transient light scattering (TSM) is reported. The relation between rotational viscosity, spontaneous polarization, and dielectric dispersion frequency is studied as a function of the racemization. The rotational viscosity is almost independent of spontaneous polarization and there is no obvious correlation between rotational viscosity and dispersion frequency. The dispersion frequency is confirmed to be inversely proportional to the square of the helical pitch. The rotational viscosity calculated from this relation is consistent with that from the new TSM method.This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in M. Ozaki, T. Hatai, K. Nakao, and K. Yoshino, Journal of Applied Physics 65, 3602 (1989) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.342639
- …