Decreased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor relevant to the ossification disturbance in femoral heads spontaneous hypertensive rats.

Ossification disturbance in femoral head reportedly is seen in the Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR) between ages of 10 and 20 weeks. We investigated serum and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in SHR relevant to the ossification disturbance and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Serum levels of IGF-1 and VEGF were significantly lower in SHR than in Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) at weeks 5, 10, 15 and 20 (p<0.005). The incidence of histological ossification disturbance of the femoral head was higher in SHR (59%) than in WKY (40%) at week 20. Lower serum and local levels of VEGF in SHR appeared to be related to the incomplete ossification of the femoral heads. Immunohistochemical study showed significantly lower numbers of IGF-1 and VEGF positive chondrocytes in the femoral epiphyseal cartilage of SHR than in those of WKY at weeks 10, 15 and 20. Our results suggest that local and/or systemic levels of IGF-1 and VEGF between ages of 5 and 20 weeks might play roles in the pathogenesis of ossifi cation disturbance of the femoral head in SHR

粒子-ガンマ線相関を用いた重イオン共鳴の分子的構造の分析

Particle-particle-gamma data from 28Si+28Si molecular resonances was analised. By using R-matrix scattering amplitudes from high-spin molecular model, we can theoretically calculate gamma-ray intensities from the fragments 28Si which are emitted from the resonance decays. The experimental data suggest "m = 0" which means the spins vectors of 28Si are on the reaction plane. We studied what molecular normal modes exibits such a special nuclear structure. Following mechanism has been expected to obtain the spins parallel to the plane; 1. the stable configuration of 28Si + 28Si is expected to be an equator-equator touching configuration, 2. such a stable configuration has a tri-axial deformation, 3. due to extremely high spin rotation(J=38), the total deformed object rotates around the axis of highest moments of inertia, which give rise to K-mixing so called wobbling mode. Then the symmetry axes of two 28Si are perpendicular to the plane, and the spin vectors are on the plane because they are orthogonal to the axes. Such a rotational mode is possible for the molecular ground state and the butterfly and anti-butterfly modes. We have also another mode twisting to obtain non-alignments by simpler mechanism, in which two 28Si spin around the molecular axis in the opposite spin-vector directions. The vectors are parallel to the molecular axis which rotates on the reaction plane. Comparing theoretical results with the data, we conclude that the molecular ground state with wobbling rotation is a candidate for the resonance structure. The other two are not good candidates by the following reason. In the butterfly mode and the twisting one the spin vcctors are parallel to the fragment direction and the beam one, respectively. Even with the spins parallel to the reaction plane, we obtained no "m = 0" from too much concentrated vectors to own directions, because "m = 0" require" symmetry around z-axis"

粒子-ガンマ線相関を用いた重イオン共鳴の分子的構造の分析

Particle-particle-gamma data from 28Si+28Si molecular resonances was analised. By using R-matrix scattering amplitudes from high-spin molecular model, we can theoretically calculate gamma-ray intensities from the fragments 28Si which are emitted from the resonance decays. The experimental data suggest "m = 0" which means the spins vectors of 28Si are on the reaction plane. We studied what molecular normal modes exibits such a special nuclear structure. Following mechanism has been expected to obtain the spins parallel to the plane; 1. the stable configuration of 28Si + 28Si is expected to be an equator-equator touching configuration, 2. such a stable configuration has a tri-axial deformation, 3. due to extremely high spin rotation(J=38), the total deformed object rotates around the axis of highest moments of inertia, which give rise to K-mixing so called wobbling mode. Then the symmetry axes of two 28Si are perpendicular to the plane, and the spin vectors are on the plane because they are orthogonal to the axes. Such a rotational mode is possible for the molecular ground state and the butterfly and anti-butterfly modes. We have also another mode twisting to obtain non-alignments by simpler mechanism, in which two 28Si spin around the molecular axis in the opposite spin-vector directions. The vectors are parallel to the molecular axis which rotates on the reaction plane. Comparing theoretical results with the data, we conclude that the molecular ground state with wobbling rotation is a candidate for the resonance structure. The other two are not good candidates by the following reason. In the butterfly mode and the twisting one the spin vcctors are parallel to the fragment direction and the beam one, respectively. Even with the spins parallel to the reaction plane, we obtained no "m = 0" from too much concentrated vectors to own directions, because "m = 0" require" symmetry around z-axis"

Tsunami field survey of the 1992 Nicaragua earthquake

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95368/1/eost9614.pd

Phylogeography of Juniperus Species (Cupressaceae) with a Disjunct Distribution in the Island Areas of Japan

departmental bulletin pape

From inquilines to gall inducers:Genomic signature of a life-style transition in synergus gall wasps

Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induce complex galls on oaks, roses and other plants, but the mechanism of gall induction is still unknown. Here we take a comparative genomic approach to revealing the genetic basis of gall induction. We focus on Synergus itoensis, a species that induces galls inside oak acorns. Previous studies suggested that this species evolved the ability to initiate gall formation recently, as it is deeply nested within the genus Synergus, whose members are mostly inquilines that develop inside the galls of other species. We compared the genome of S. itoensis to that of three related Synergus inquilines to identify genomic changes associated with the origin of gall induction. We used a novel Bayesian selection analysis, which accounts for branch-specific and gene-specific selection effects, to search for signatures of selection in 7,600 single-copy orthologous genes shared by the four Synergus species. We found that the terminal branch leading to S. itoensis had more genes with a significantly elevated dN/dS ratio (Positive Signature Genes, PSGs) than the other terminal branches in the tree; the S. itoensis branch also had more genes with a significantly decreased dN/dS ratio. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the PSG set of S. itoensis, unlike those of the inquiline species, is enriched in several biological process Gene Ontology terms, the most prominent of which is “Ovarian Follicle Cell Development”. Our results indicate that the origin of gall induction is associated with distinct genomic changes, and provide a good starting point for further characterization of the genes involved