Pathway-focused GEArray analysis of the gene expression of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules.

<p>Compared with the healthy control mice, 10 genes were up-regulated and 9 genes were down-regulated in the c-kit+ bone marrow stem cells from the diabetic mice.</p

Pathway-focused GEArray analysis of the expression of inflammatory-related factors.

<p>Compared with the healthy control mice, the expression of inflammatory-related genes was extensively up-regulated in the c-kit+ bone marrow stem cells from diabetic mice.</p

Expression of the adhesion molecules integrin-av and Pecam-1 in bone marrow stem cells.

<p>Flow cytometry analysis showed that the expression of integrin-av (A) was decreased but that of Pecam-1 (B) was increased in the c-kit+ bone marrow stem cells from diabetic mice when compared with those from healthy control mice.</p

Pathway-focused GEArray analysis of cell cycle-related factors.

<p>The expression of cell cycle-related genes was clearly detected in the c-kit+ bone marrow stem cells from both diabetic mice and healthy control mice. However, the difference observed in the expression levels between groups was very mild (<2-fold).</p

Expression of the extracellular matrix molecules fibronectin and laminin in bone marrow stem cells.

<p>Flow cytometry analysis showed that the expression of fibronectin (A) was decreased but that of laminin (B) was increased in the c-kit+ bone marrow stem cells from diabetic mice when compared with cells from healthy control mice.</p

Expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in bone marrow stem cells.

<p>Flow cytometry analysis showed that the positive expression levels of TNFR2 and TLR4 in the c-kit+ bone marrow stem cells from diabetic mice were significantly higher (>3-fold) than in cells from healthy control mice.</p

Changes in systemic levels of cytokine IL-6 and chemokine SDF-1 after surgery.

<p><b>A</b>) Significant increases in plasma IL-6 concentrations were observed at 6 hr, but not 24 hr after left pneumonectomy. <b>B</b>) The concentration of SDF-1 in plasma was also significantly increased at 24 hr, but not 6 hr, after left pneumonectomy.</p

The levels of TGFβ-1, VEGF, and EGF in wound tissue.

<p>The level of TGF-β₁ (<b>A</b>) in the wound tissue was significantly higher in surgery group than sham group, but the levels of VEGF (<b>B</b>) and EGF (<b>C</b>) in the wound tissue did not differ significantly between groups, at 3 days after surgery. Data represents 5 separated experiments with duplicated assays.</p

Histological findings of wound tissue.

<p>Sections with hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to examine the re-epithelization of wounded skin in mice at 3 days (<b>A</b>) and 7 days (<b>B</b>) after surgery. A quantitative analysis revealed significantly smaller wound widths in mice that received pneumonectomy (Surgery+PBS group) than mice that received a sham operation (Control+PBS group) 3 days after surgery (<b>A</b>). The administration of AMD3100 significantly extended the wound width in mice subjected to pneumonectomy (Surgery+AMD group, p<0.05 vs. Surgery+PBS group) but did not change in mice that received sham operations (Control+PBS group), 3 days after surgery. There was no difference in the wound width among the groups at 7 days after treatment (<b>B</b>).</p

Recruitment of c-kit+ cells into wound tissues.

<p><b>A</b>) Representative images of the recruitment of c-kit+ cells into the wound tissue are shown for each group. Bone marrow-derived cells (GFP⁺) appeared as green fluorescence (left panel), and c-kit+ cells were detected as red (middle panel). Some GFP⁺ cells were stained positively for c-kit (merged as yellow color, right panel). <b>B</b>) A quantitative analysis revealed that the number of total bone marrow-derived cells (GFP⁺) within wound tissue was significantly greater in the Surgery+PBS group than the Control+PBS group but that the number of total bone marrow-derived cells was less in the Surgery+AMD group than in the Surgery+PBS group. <b>C</b>) The number of c-kit+ cells (GFP⁺/c-kit⁺) was also significantly greater in the Surgery+PBS group than the Control+PBS group but less in the Surgery+AMD group than the Surgery+PBS group.</p