Collateral chemoresistance to anti-microtubule agents in a lung cancer cell line with acquired resistance to erlotinib.

Various alterations underlying acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have been described. Although treatment strategies specific for these mechanisms are under development, cytotoxic agents are currently employed to treat many patients following failure of EGFR-TKIs. However, the effect of TKI resistance on sensitivity to these cytotoxic agents is mostly unclear. This study investigated the sensitivity of erlotinib-resistant tumor cells to five cytotoxic agents using an in vitro EGFR-TKI-resistant model. Four erlotinib-sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and their resistant derivatives were tested. Of the resistant cell lines, all but one showed a similar sensitivity to the tested drugs as their parental cells. HCC4006ER cells with epithelial mesenchymal transition features acquired resistance to the three microtubule-targeting agents, docetaxel, paclitaxel and vinorelbine, but not to cisplatin and gemcitabine. Gene expression array and immunoblotting demonstrated that ATP-binding cassette subfamily B, member 1 (ABCB1) was up-regulated in HCC4006ER cells. ABCB1 knockdown by siRNA partially restored sensitivity to the anti-microtubule agents but not to erlotinib. Moreover, the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat sensitized HCC4006ER cells to anti-microtubule agents through ABCB1 suppression. Our study indicates that sensitivity of tumor cells to cytotoxic agents in general does not change before and after failure of EGFR-TKIs. However, we describe that two different molecular alterations confer acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs and cytotoxic agents, respectively. This phenomenon should be kept in mind in selection of subsequent therapy after failure of EGFR-TKIs

Contrast Medium Induced Nephropathy after Endovascular Stent Graft Placement: An Examination of Its Prevalence and Risk Factors

Endovascular stent graft placement has become a major treatment for thoracic and abdominal aneurysms. While endovascular therapy is less invasive than open surgery, it involves the use of a contrast medium. Contrast media can cause renal impairment, a condition termed as contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study sought to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of CIN following endovascular stent graft placement for aortic aneurysm repair. The study included 167 consecutive patients who underwent endovascular stent graft placement in our hospital from October 2013 to June 2014. CIN was diagnosed using the European Society of Urogenital Radiology criteria. Patients with and without CIN were compared. Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Thirteen patients (7.8%) developed CIN. Left ventricular dysfunction and intraoperative blood transfusion were significantly more frequent in the CIN group (P=0.017 and P=0.032, resp.). Multivariate analysis showed that left ventricular dysfunction had the strongest influence on CIN development (odds ratio 9.34, P=0.018, and 95% CI = 1.46–59.7). Patients with CIN also experienced longer ICU and hospital stays. Measures to improve renal perfusion flow should be considered for patients with left ventricular dysfunction who are undergoing endovascular stent graft placement

Relative expression levels of ABC transporter family in HCC4006ER cells compared with HCC406.

<p>Relative expression levels of ABC transporter family in HCC4006ER cells compared with HCC406.</p

Additional effects of entinostat in HCC4006 and HCC4006ER cells.

<p>(A-C) Tumor cells were incubated with various concentrations of docetaxel (D), paclitaxel (P) and vinorelbine (V) and with or without 1μM entinostat (E) for 72 hours. Percent growth relative to DMSO-treated controls was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. (D) Total cell lysates were harvested after addition of 1μM entinostat.</p

Effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown for ABCB1 in HCC4006ER cells.

<p>(A) Total cell lysates were harvested 72 hours after reverse-transfection of negative control siRNA (siNC) or validated two siRNAs for ATP-binding cassette subfamily B, member 1 (ABCB1) mixed with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. (B-E) Tumor cells were reverse-transfected at the same time plating into 96-wells and then incubated for 24 hours. They were incubated with various concentrations of docetaxel, paclitaxel, vinorelbine and erlotinib for additional 72 hours. Percent growth relative to DMSO-treated controls was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay.</p

Wisteria floribunda Agglutinin and Its Reactive-Glycan-Carrying Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Prostate Cancer

Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) preferably binds to LacdiNAc glycans, and its reactivity is associated with tumor progression. The aim of this study to examine whether the serum LacdiNAc carrying prostate-specific antigen–glycosylation isomer (PSA-Gi) and WFA-reactivity of tumor tissue can be applied as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of prostate cancer (PCa). Between 2007 and 2016, serum PSA-Gi levels before prostate biopsy (Pbx) were measured in 184 biopsy-proven benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and 244 PCa patients using an automated lectin-antibody immunoassay. WFA-reactivity on tumor was analyzed in 260 radical prostatectomy (RP) patients. Diagnostic and prognostic performance of serum PSA-Gi was evaluated using area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC). Prognostic performance of WFA-reactivity on tumor was evaluated via Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and nomogram. The AUC of serum PSA-Gi detecting PCa and predicting Pbx Grade Group (GG) 3 and GG ≥ 3 after RP was much higher than those of conventional PSA. Multivariate analysis showed that WFA-reactivity on prostate tumor was an independent risk factor of PSA recurrence. The nomogram was a strong model for predicting PSA-free survival provability with a c-index ≥0.7. Serum PSA-Gi levels and WFA-reactivity on prostate tumor may be a novel diagnostic and pre- and post-operative prognostic biomarkers of PCa, respectively

Effect of siRNA-mediated knockdown for CDH1 in HCC4006ER cells.

<p>(A) Total cell lysates were harvested 72 hours after reverse-transfection of negative control siRNA (siNC) or validated siRNAs for CDH1 which encodes E-cadherin mixed with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. (B-D) Tumor cells were reverse-transfected at the same time plating into 96-wells and then incubated for 24 hours. They were incubated with various concentrations of docetaxel, paclitaxel and vinorelbine for additional 72 hours. Percent growth relative to DMSO-treated controls was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay.</p