機能的腎体積測定による術後分腎機能評価の検討

PURPOSE:The change in functional renal volume (FRV) has an absolute influence on renal function after nephrectomy (Nx) or nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). In this study, we prospectively examined whether the postoperative renal function following Nx and NSS could be accurately predicted and assessed the reproducibility of our newly developed 3-D image reconstruction system (Kashihara) to measure the FRV. METHODS:We enrolled 98 patients who underwent Nx and 41 patients who underwent NSS from April 2006 to September 2009 to predict postoperative FRV and renal function. FRV was measured before and after (1 month and 1 year) renal surgery. The postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was predicted from the preoperative eGFR calculated from the serum creatinine (sCr) level and the ratio of the postoperative/preoperative FRV. To assess the reproducibility and accuracy of our newly developed 3-dimensional (3-D) image reconstruction system, FRV was measured by five examiners using images obtained by CT (five cases) and MRI (five cases). RESULTS:Significant correlation was found both for FRV and for renal function between the predictive values and the actually measured values at 1 month and 1 year after surgery, not only in the Nx group, but also in the NSS group. The accuracy and reproducibility could be confirmed both with CT and MRI studies. CONCLUSIONS:The postoperative FRV and renal function could be predicted preoperatively using a 3-D image reconstructive system, preoperative routine diagnostic imaging, and preoperative sCr level.博士（医学）・乙第1369号・平成27年11月27日© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1470-

加熱デンプン水溶液の流動方程式における各種粘性パラメータ算出に関する研究

液状食品に関する各種装置の設計ならびに操作を行なっていくためには,流動方程式を設定し,それに含まれる各種粘性パラメータを算出していくことが必要である。本研究は,加熱処理したデンプン水溶液の流動特性を,毛管形粘度計を作製して30,50および70℃において求め,流動方程式における各種粘性パラメータ算出に関する研究を行なったものである。加熱処理した3および5wt%の小麦,トウモロコシ,ジャガイモおよびサツマイモデンプン水溶液を試料とした。 流動方程式γ＝(1/K)(gcτ－gcτy)nに含まれる粘性パラメータn, τyおよびKを,非線形最小二乗法を使用して算出する電子計算機プログラムを作成した。 加熱処理した3および5wt%の各種デンプン水溶液について,n, τyおよびKの値を計算した結果,n=1.2～1.4, τy≒0となり,擬塑性流体として取り扱えることが分った。n=1.3, τy=0と固定して求めたKの値は,温度の上昇ならびに濃度の減少で小さく変わり,K=Aexp(E/RgT)として表わすことができた。試料とした各種デンプン水溶液に対して,E=3～7kcal/g‐molとなる結果が得られた。 本研究成果は,流動特性が複雑な食品などの流動方程式を実験データよりシミュレーションによって得る場合に有用である。The flow equations of liquid foods are important bases to design various apparatuses and to control various plants. The viscometric behavior of heated starch solutions was measured at 30, 50 and 70°C. The capillary tube viscometer was used in these studies. Heated starch solutions of 3 and 5 wt% wheat, corn, potato and sweet potato starches were used as samples. An empirical flow equation γ= (1/K) (gcτ－gcτy)n was assumed, and the viscometric constants n, τy and K were calculated using the non-linear least square method. The yield stress τy (gf/cm2) could be overlooked for the heated starch solutions studied, and a power-law flow equation was applied. The values of flow behavior index n(－) in the power-law flow equation were about 1.2 to 1.4 for all samples studied. Values of K(gn/cmn•sec^2n-i) which fixed n=1.3 were obtained, and they were expressed by an equation of the Arrhenius from K=A exp(E/RgT). The values of E were 3 to 7 kcal/g-mol for studied samples

ジャガイモおよびサツマイモ薄片の蒸煮速度式に関する研究

各種食品の蒸煮装置を設計し,制御化などを行なっていくためには,蒸煮速度を測定し,簡単な速度式を設定していくことが必要である。既報1)において,低含水率の食品である米,うどんおよびきしめんの蒸煮速度を重量法により求め,蒸煮速度式の設定に関する研究を行なってきた。 本研究は,ジャガイモおよびサツマイモを例として,高含水率の食品の場合の蒸煮速度の測定法ならびに速度式の設定に関する研究を行なったものである。 (1) 高含水率の食品の蒸煮速度の測定に有用な衝撃貫通試験法を提案した。 (2) S型形状係数を含む簡単な速度式として提出した次に示す蒸煮速度式が,ジャガイモおよびサツマイモ簿片の蒸煮に対して利用できた。dx/dθ=kn, α(1－x)n(x+α)ここで,x(－)は蒸煮率,θ(min)は蒸煮時間であり,n(－), α(－)およびkn,α(min－1)は定数である。上式においてn=1.0とした場合のαの値は,本実験試料に対してほぼ0.1となった。In order to design and to control various cooking apparatuses, it is necessary to measure the cooking rate and to determine the cooking-rate equations. In a previous paper 1), we studied the cooking-rate equations of rice, udon and kishimen which are low water content foods using the weighing method for measuring the cooking rates. In the present paper, we studied the measuring methods of the cooking rate and the cooking-rate equations of potato and sweet potato slices which are high water content foods. The results of this investigations are as follows. (1) The impact-penetration method which is simple and useful for measurement the cooking-rate equations of high water content foods was used. (2) The following cooking-rate equation postulated as simple rate equation with a S-shape constant α(－) was adopted with satisfaction for the cooking of potato and sweet potato slices: dx/dθ= kn, α( 1－x)n(x+α) where, x(－) is the cooking-ratio, θ(min) is the cooking time, and n(－), α(－) and kn, α(min) are the constants. The values ofαin the equation fixed n=1.0 showed about 0.1 for the used samples

均一乾燥モデルに基づく乾燥速度式に関する研究

各種の食品乾燥装置を設計し,制御化などを行なっていくためには,簡単な乾燥モデルに基づいた乾燥速度式を設定し,それに含まれる速度パラメータを求めていくことが必要である。 既報7)において,殻状乾燥モデルに基づく乾燥速度式の設定について報告してきた。本報は,均一乾燥モデルに基づく乾燥速度式を設定する研究を行ない,寒天,にんじんならびに炊飯米を例として速度パラメータを算出して,両乾燥モデルの適用性について検討したものである。 均一乾燥モデルに基づく乾燥速度式として,乾燥表面積を簡単な近似式で仮定して表わした場合と,それが未消失含水量のべき乗で関係づけられるとした場合とを仮定した。両者の計算結果はよく似た結果になり,乾燥装置の設計などに対しては簡単なだけ後者が有用と考えられた。乾燥速度は,寒天とにんじんでは,未消失含水量のほぼ0.5乗に,炊飯米ではほぼ1.0乗に比例する結果が得られ,乾燥速度式におけ未消失含水量のべき乗値は試料により著しく異なる結果になることが分った。 既報の殻状乾燥モデルと本報に示した均一乾燥モデルによる計算結果を比較した結果,寒天およびにんじんでは大変よく似た結果が得られた。乾燥機構が明確でなく,よく似た結果が得られる場合には,取り扱いが簡単となる後者が有用と考えられる。In order to design and automatically control various drying apparatuses, it is required to determine the simple approximated drying-rate equations and to obtain the rate parameters for the equations. In a previous paper, we studied the drying-rate equations based on the drying-shell models. In the present paper, we postulated the drying-rate equations based on the uniform drying models, and calculated the rate parameters in the drying-rate equations of agar gel, carrot and cooked rice. We studied the drying-rate equations which are postulated by the consideration of the drying-surface area S and by assuming that S may be correlated to the exponent of undisappeared water content (w-we). From the comparison of the calculated results, we concluded that S might be correlated to the exponent of (w-we), and that the order of the drying-rate equations which are postulated by assuming that S might be correlated to (w-we), is 0.5-1.0 for the used samples. The calculated results of agar gel and carrot for the uniform drying model were similar to those for the drying-shell model described in a previous paper. For much results, former model is better than the latter one as the former is less intricated

機能的腎体積あたりの腎機能の影響を考慮した腎摘除後の残存腎機能の検討

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) divided by functional renal volume (FRV) measured by three-dimensional image reconstruction (eGFR/FRV) for the prediction of functional outcomes after nephrectomy. METHODS: Eighty-three patients who underwent nephrectomy were enrolled. The FRV of each patient was measured before surgery. Preoperative medical information on proteinuria, blood pressure, blood glucose level, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin level and serum cholesterol level were also obtained. We evaluated the relationships between eGFR/FRV and each of these parameters before surgery. We also assessed the potential relationship between eGFR/FRV and the 3-year postoperative eGFR. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to elucidate independent factors. RESULTS: The median FRV and eGFR were 310.15 cm3 and 79.0 ml/min/1.73 m² before surgery, respectively. The correlation between FRV and eGFR was statistically significant (r = 0.465, P < 0.001). The median eGFR/FRV was 0.24 ml/min/1.73 m²/cm³. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the independent parameters (multiple correlation coefficient, r = 0.389, P = 0.031) associated with eGFR/FRV were proteinuria, BMI, age and hypertension. Proteinuria was statistically associated with eGFR/FRV, and the independent parameters (multiple correlation coefficient, r = 0.694, P < 0.001) associated with the 3-year postoperative eGFR were age, BMI and eGFR/FRV. The eGFR/FRV was statistically associated with the 3-year postoperative eGFR (r = 0.559, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrated that patients with proteinuria are expected to have a lower eGFR/FRV than those without proteinuria. The present study also supports the notion that eGFR/FRV is the primary determinant of the long-term functional outcome after nephrectomy. It should be taken into consideration that patients with a low eGFR/FRV may develop chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy.博士（医学）・乙第1354号・平成27年3月16日© 2014 Hosokawa et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

Analysis of gut microbiome, host genetics, and plasma metabolites reveals gut microbiome-host interactions in the Japanese population

Interaction between the gut microbiome and host plays a key role in human health. Here, we perform a metagenome shotgun-sequencing-based analysis of Japanese participants to reveal associations between the gut microbiome, host genetics, and plasma metabolome. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for microbial species (n = 524) identifies associations between the PDE1C gene locus and Bacteroides intestinalis and between TGIF2 and TGIF2-RAB5IF gene loci and Bacteroides acidifiaciens. In a microbial gene ortholog GWAS, agaE and agaS, which are related to the metabolism of carbohydrates forming the blood group A antigen, are associated with blood group A in a manner depending on the secretor status determined by the East Asian-specific FUT2 variant. A microbiome-metabolome association analysis (n = 261) identifies associations between bile acids and microbial features such as bile acid metabolism gene orthologs including bai and 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Our publicly available data will be a useful resource for understanding gut microbiome-host interactions in an underrepresented population.Tomofuji Yoshihiko, Kishikawa Toshihiro, Sonehara Kyuto, et al. Analysis of gut microbiome, host genetics, and plasma metabolites reveals gut microbiome-host interactions in the Japanese population. Cell Reports 42, 113324 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113324

Parental gender influences their intention to HPV vaccinate their children, and the association between HPV and COVID-19 vaccination intentions

Purpose: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased public awareness of infectious diseases and interest in vaccines, including the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. We investigated differences between parental gender and intentions to vaccinate their child for HPV and COVID-19. Methods: We analyzed data from Japan’s COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS), a web-based cross-sectional survey of 2,444 respondents in 2021. Results: Females were more knowledgeable and more afraid of HPV and COVID-19 than males. The proportions of females in favor of, or against, HPV vaccination was higher than among males. The fathers’ intention for HPV vaccination was significantly associated with the child’s gender, knowledge regarding HPV, and intention to inoculate with the COVID-19 vaccine. The mothers’ intention was also associated with her knowledge of HPV and her intention to seek the COVID-19 vaccine, but it included a greater fear of HPV infection. Both male and female parents favored the COVID-19 vaccine over the HPV vaccine. Parents approving of COVID-19 vaccination believed in the overall efficacy of vaccines and were more receptive to opinions from the administration and physicians, even if the parent was currently against HPV vaccination. Conclusions: Mothers were more knowledgeable about HPV and more favorable to vaccinate their child for HPV than fathers. The intention to have children COVID-19 vaccinated was also higher than for HPV vaccination. During this period of heightened public interest in vaccines due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this is a good time to educate and inform the public about HPV