Hazard ratio for hypertension according to BMI (six categories).

<p>Hazard ratio for hypertension according to BMI (six categories).</p

Multivariable adjusted cumulative incidence rate curve for hypertension during the follow-up, according to BMI (six categories).

<p>Multivariable adjusted cumulative incidence rate curve for hypertension during the follow-up, according to BMI (six categories).</p

Hazard ratio for hypertension according to BMI (quartiles).

<p>Hazard ratio for hypertension according to BMI (quartiles).</p

Baseline characteristics of study subjects according to BMI in former male college athletes.

<p>Baseline characteristics of study subjects according to BMI in former male college athletes.</p

Comparison between myocardial TG content in the control group and the athlete group.

<p>* <i>P</i><0.05 between the two groups.</p

Representative results of H¹-MR spectra in a healthy subject.

<p>A: Myocardial voxel localization for H¹-MRS in 4-chamber and short axis views. B: H¹-MR spectra without water suppression. C: H¹-MR spectra without water suppression.</p

Correlations between myocardial TG content and MRI parameters.

<p>A: A correlation between myocardial TG content and end-diastolic volume. B: A correlation between myocardial TG content and end-systolic volume. C: Correlation between myocardial TG content and left ventricular (LV) mass. D: Correlation between myocardial TG content and epicardial fat volume. Open circle; control group. Closed circle; athlete group.</p

Clinical Characteristics.

<p>Values are mean ± SD. bpm = beats per minutes, LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptides, VO₂max = maximal oxygen intake, CAVI = cardio ankle vascular index, IPAQ = international physical activity questionnaire.</p><p>P value denotes significance of unpaired <i>t</i> test between athlete group and healthy control.</p

Table1_Playing basketball and volleyball during adolescence is associated with higher bone mineral density in old age: the Bunkyo Health Study.pdf

Introduction: Exercise is beneficial for increasing areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescence and maintaining it in old age. Moreover, high-impact sports are more effective than low-impact sports in increasing aBMD. This study aimed to determine the types of adolescent sports played in school-based sports clubs associated with aBMD in old age.Methods: In total, 1,596 older adults (681 men and 915 women, age: 65–84 years) living in an urban area of Japan were evaluated for the femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between adolescent sports played in sports clubs and aBMD in old age was analyzed using multiple regression analysis, with femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD as dependent variables, and sports type and participant characteristics such as age, body weight, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, as independent variables.Results: For the femoral neck, basketball was associated with aBMD in older men (β = 0.079, p Conclusion: Both men and women who played basketball in adolescence had higher femoral neck aBMD in old age. Moreover, women who played volleyball in adolescence had higher lumbar spine aBMD in old age.</p

One year follow-up after a randomized controlled trial of a 130 g/day low-carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control

<div><p>Background & aims</p><p>Recently, we conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) showing that a 6-month 130g/day low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) reduced HbA1c and BMI more than a calorie restricted diet (CRD). [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0188892#pone.0188892.ref001" target="_blank">1</a>] To assess whether the benefits of the LCD persisted after the intensive intervention, we compared HbA1c and BMI between the LCD and CRD groups at 1 year after the end of the 6-month RCT.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Following the end of the 6-month RCT, patients were allowed to manage their own diets with periodic outpatient visits. One year later, we analyzed clinical and nutrition data.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 66 participants in the original study, 27 in the CRD group and 22 in the LCD group completed this trial. One year after the end of the original RCT, the carbohydrate intake was comparable between the groups (215 [189–243]/day in the CRD group and 214 (176–262) g/day in the LCD group). Compared with the baseline data, HbA1c and BMI were decreased in both groups (CRD: HbA1c -0.4 [-0.9 to 0.3] % and BMI -0.63 [-1.20 to 0.18] kg/m²; LCD: HbA1c -0.35 [-1.0 to 0.35] % and BMI -0.77 [-1.15 to -0.12] kg/m²). There were no significant differences in HbA1c and BMI between the groups.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>One year after the diet therapy intervention, the beneficial effect of the LCD on reduction of HbA1c and BMI did not persist in comparison with CRD. However, combining the data of both groups, significant improvements in HbA1c and BMI from baseline were observed. Although the superiority of the LCD disappeared 1 year after the intensive intervention, these data suggest that well-constructed nutrition therapy programs, both CRD and LCD, were equally effective in improving HbA1c for at least 1 year.</p><p>Trial registration</p><p>University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ID000010663" target="_blank">ID000010663</a></p></div